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Flyer for "The Making of a Japanese" documentary screening and discussion with speaker portraits.
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In this documentary film of a large Japanese elementary school located in a Tokyo suburb, Ema Ryan Yamazaki weaves together scenes from 700-plus hours of films to tell a story of how a Japanese elementary school instills distinctly Japanese characteristics in children. Long seen with curiosity and suspicion from western eyes, Japanese ways of teaching discipline and responsibility at elementary schools have received much accolade in recent years, becoming a model to be exported. What happens at a Japanese elementary school that would turn many unsuspecting 6-year-olds into well-disciplined 12-year-olds, and what might be the possible costs and benefits of such an education system? A critically acclaimed young documentary filmmaker, Ema Ryan Yamazaki, who is known for "Monkey Business: The Adventures of Curious George’s Creators" and "Koshien: Japan’s Field of Dreams," will join us for a viewing of her latest documentary and a discussion.

Instruments of a Beating Heart (New York Times Op-Docs version of Ema's Japanese Elementary school project, 23 minutes)

First graders in a Tokyo public elementary school are presented with a challenge for the final semester: to form an orchestra and perform “Ode to Joy” at a school ceremony. The film examines the Japanese educational system’s tenuous balance between self-sacrifice and personal growth as it teaches the next generation to become part of society.

 

Speaker:

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Raised in Osaka by a Japanese mother and British father, Ema Ryan Yamazaki grew up navigating between Japanese and Western cultures. Having studied filmmaking at New York University, she uses her unique storytelling perspective as an insider and outsider in Japan. In 2017, Ema’s first feature documentary, MONKEY BUSINESS: THE ADVENTURES OF CURIOUS GEORGE’S CREATORS was released worldwide after raising over $186,000 on Kickstarter. In 2019, Ema’s second feature documentary about the phenomenon of high school baseball in Japan, KOSHIEN: JAPAN’S FIELD OF DREAMS, premiered at DOC NYC. In 2020, the film aired on ESPN, and was released theatrically in Japan. It was a New York Times recommendation for international streaming and featured on the Criterion Channel. Ema's latest documentary feature, THE MAKING OF A JAPANESE, follows one year in a Japanese public school. The film premiered at the Tokyo International Film Festival in 2023 and is currently playing festivals around the world, with a release set in Japan for December 2024. 

 

Discussant:

mariko yoshihara yang

Mariko Yang-Yoshihara is an Instructor and Education Researcher at the Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education (SPICE). She is also a Visiting Professor at Tohoku University in the Department of Management Science and Technology. Mariko earned her Ph.D. in political science from Stanford, and her research interests include innovation policy, research management, and STEAM (STEM + arts/humanities) education. Since 2009, she has designed curricula for educational and professional development and taught courses on qualitative methods and design thinking. In 2016, she co-founded SKY Labo, a nonprofit promoting STEAM education in Japan. SKY Labo’s inquiry-based program received official recognition from Japan’s Gender Equality Bureau in 2019 and won the Semi-Grand Prix of the Nissan Foundation’s Rikajyo Ikusei Sho (Award Promoting the Next Generation of Women in STEM) in 2022.

 

Moderator:

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Square portrait photo of Kiyoteru Tsutsui

Kiyoteru Tsutsui is the Henri H. and Tomoye Takahashi Professor and Senior Fellow in Japanese Studies at Shorenstein APARC, the Director of the Japan Program and Deputy Director at APARC, a senior fellow of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, and Professor of Sociology, all at Stanford University. Tsutsui received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Kyoto University and earned an additional master’s degree and Ph.D. from Stanford’s sociology department in 2002. Tsutsui’s research interests lie in political/comparative sociology, social movements, globalization, human rights, and Japanese society. His most recent publication, Human Rights and the State: The Power of Ideas and the Realities of International Politics (Iwanami Shinsho, 2022), was awarded the 2022 Ishibashi Tanzan Award and the 44th Suntory Prize for Arts and Sciences.

Kiyoteru Tsutsui

Stanford Alumni Center, Fisher Conference Center
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326 Galvez St., Stanford, CA

Ema Ryan Yamazaki Documentary Filmmaker
Mariko Yang-Yoshihara Instructor and Education Researcher Discussant Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education (SPICE)
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In 2015, SPICE launched Stanford e-Japan, a national online course that enrolls high school students from Japan to engage in an intensive study of U.S. society and culture and U.S.–Japan relations. In 2016, SPICE launched Stanford e-Tottori, SPICE’s first regional program in Japan that enrolls high school students from across Tottori Prefecture. As of this fall, SPICE now enrolls approximately 230 students from nine regional programs in Japan. Six programs are prefectural programs (Fukuoka, Hiroshima, Oita, Tottori, Wakayama, Yamaguchi), and three are municipal programs (Kagoshima, Kawasaki, and Kobe). SPICE’s newest course, Stanford e-Yamaguchi, was just launched last month.

In August 2024 SPICE held four award ceremonies for honorees of the 2023–2024 regional programs in Japan. Two honorees from each program were recognized.

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The first ceremony was held virtually on August 6, 2024 for Stanford e-Hiroshima’s top students. Inspirational opening comments were delivered by Consul Mayu Hagiwara, Director of the Japan Information and Culture Center, Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco. Hagiwara’s comments were followed by remarks by course instructor Mia Kimura and the honorees’ presentations. (Student honorees with their instructor Mia Kimura and Consul Hagiwara and Board of Education representatives). The honorees are:

Stanford e-Hiroshima (Instructor Mia Kimura)

Student Honoree: Aika Ono
School: Kindai University Fukuyama High School
Project Title: Navigating the Barrier: Immigrant Children in Japan

Student Honoree: Wakana Tsukuda
School: Fukuyama Akenohoshi High School
Project Title: How to Move Upstream: What Japan Can Learn from the U.S. About Mental Health

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In the second ceremony, four top students from Fukuoka and Oita were honored on August 12, 2024 at Stanford University. Following opening comments, instructor Kasumi Yamashita introduced her honorees. (Student honorees from Fukuoka and Oita with their instructor Kasumi Yamashita and Board of Education representatives). The honorees are:

Stanford e-Fukuoka (Instructor Kasumi Yamashita)

Student Honoree: Niko Ito
School: Hakata Seisho High School
Project Title: Sustainable Fashion: Thrifty Ideas from 1000 Years Ago

Student Honoree: Nanako Shimura
School: Yame High School
Project Title: Sharing War Stories: What My Grandmother Taught Me About Peace

Stanford e-Oita (Instructor Kasumi Yamashita)

Student Honoree: Chiko Kawashima
School: Oita Hofu High School
Project Title: Language Access During Natural Disasters: How Can We Help Foreigners?

Student Honoree: Rintaro Tokumoto
School: Takada High School
Project Title: Let’s Change How We See Our Food, One Vegetable at a Time!

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a group photo taken at staircase


During the third ceremony, six top students from Kawasaki, Kobe, and Wakayama were honored on August 21, 2024 at Stanford University. The ceremony began with insightful opening comments by Yuriko Sugahara, Advisor for Cultural and Educational Affairs at the Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco. Sugahara’s opening comments were followed by remarks by the instructors of the courses and student presentations. (Student honorees with their instructors Dr. Makiko Hirata, Maiko Tamagawa Bacha, and Alison Harsch, and Board of Education representatives). The honorees are:

Stanford e-Kawasaki (Instructor Maiko Tamagawa Bacha)

Student Honoree: Rio Enomoto
School: Tachibana High School
Project Title: Is K-Pop Necessary in America?

Student Honoree: Kaede Suyama
School: Kawasaki High School
Project Title: What Do You Think About the Homeless Program?

Stanford e-Kobe (Instructor Alison Harsch)

Student Honoree: Moeka Urata
School: Kobe Municipal Fukiai High School
Project Title: Problems of the School Counselor System in Japan

Student Honoree: Mayuko Hara
School: Kobe Municipal Fukiai High School
Project Title: Problems that Voters with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities Face in Japan and the U.S.

Stanford e-Wakayama (Instructor Makiko Hirata)

Student Honoree: Sumire Inaba
School: Touin High School
Project Title: Solutions to Global Hunger

Student Honoree: Niina Ohashi
School: Touin High School
Project Title: Self-Management Skills

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During the fourth ceremony, four top students from Kagoshima City and Tottori were honored on the Stanford campus on August 23, 2024. The ceremony began with stimulating opening comments by Yuriko Sugahara, Advisor for Cultural and Educational Affairs at the Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco. Sugahara’s comments were followed by remarks by the instructors of the courses and student presentations. (Student honorees with their instructors Jonas Edman and Amy Cheng and Board of Education representatives). The honorees are:

Stanford e-Kagoshima City (Instructor Amy Cheng)

Student Honoree: Keima Kawagoe
School: Kagoshima Gyokuryu High School
Project Title: Revitalizing Kagoshima with the Power of Bamboo

Student Honoree: Kenshiro Matsunaga
School: Kagoshima Gyokuryu High School
Project Title: “Omotenashi” Has a Dark Side

Stanford e-Tottori (Instructor Jonas Edman)

Student Honoree: Funa Bannai
School: Yonago Higashi High School
Project Title: Same-Sex Marriage: Reducing Inequality Within and Among Countries

Student Honoree: Soichiro Takagi
School: Tottori Nishi High School
Project Title: Thinking About the Importance of Reading in Education

Following each of the three in-person ceremonies, the students enjoyed a luncheon, a campus tour, and a dinner. Many students commented that one of the highlights of their visit to Stanford was having the chance to meet high school students from other regions of Japan. Many guests commented on how impressed they were with the student presentations and the poise that the students exhibited in particular during the question-and-answer periods.

Importantly, SPICE is grateful to the Board of Education representatives who accompanied the students to Stanford. They are Hiroshi Suzuki (Fukuoka Prefecture); Takayuki Nishinakamura and Chiemi Hamada (Kagoshima City); Kei Sakamoto and Miho Anraku (Kobe City); Hironori Sano and Toshiyuki Yamamoto (Oita Prefecture); Tomoya Minohara (Tottori Prefecture); and Rika Katsumoto (Wakayama Prefecture). Also, SPICE wishes to thank Sabrina Ishimatsu, SPICE Event Coordinator, for planning all four ceremonies.


SPICE also offers online courses to U.S. high school students on Japan (Reischauer Scholars Program), China (China Scholars Program), and Korea (Sejong Korea Scholars Program), and online courses to Chinese high school students on the United States (Stanford e-China) and to Japanese high school students on the United States and U.S.–Japan relations (Stanford e-Japan) and on entrepreneurship (Stanford e-Entrepreneurship Japan).

To stay informed of SPICE news, join our email list and follow us on Facebook, X, and Instagram.

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Highest Performing Students of Stanford e-Japan and the Reischauer Scholars Program Are Recognized at Stanford University

The Honorable Yo Osumi, Consul General of Japan in San Francisco, makes opening comments.
Highest Performing Students of Stanford e-Japan and the Reischauer Scholars Program Are Recognized at Stanford University
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Opening comments were made by Consul Mayu Hagiwara and Advisor Yuriko Sugahara, Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco.
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Congratulations to the 2023–2024 student honorees from Fukuoka, Hiroshima, Kagoshima, Kawasaki, Kobe, Oita, Tottori, and Wakayama.

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On September 13, 2024, the Japan Program at APARC welcomed to Stanford a delegation from the Embassy of Japan in the United States and the Consulate-General of Japan in San Francisco, including Ambassador Shigeo Yamada and Consul General Yo Osumi. The visit included a discussion of the Japanese diplomats with Stanford faculty members. Moderated by Japan Program Director Kiyoteru Tsutsui, the discussion focused on current issues affecting U.S.-Japan relations, regional and global security, and opportunities for strengthening U.S.-Japan academic exchange.

Yamada, who assumed his post as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan to the United States of America in December 2023, shared his experiences serving in the Abe and Kishida administrations and reflected on Japan’s concerns regarding the Russia-Ukraine war. He emphasized that Russia's aggression is a threat to the rule of law and represents a broader threat in East Asia. He expressed his hope that bilateral efforts will continue to counter these challenges.

The September 27 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election in Japan and the forthcoming November presidential election in the United States were also a major topic of conversation. Ambassador Yamada voiced his optimism, stating that regardless of the election outcomes, the strong foundation of the U.S.-Japan alliance will remain a constant. This bilateral relationship, he noted, is essential to navigating future geopolitical shifts.


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Delegation from the Embassy of Japan in the US and the Consulate-General of Japan in San Francisco meet with Stanford scholars in a conference room.
Ambassador Yamada, Consul General Osumi, and members of their delegation meet with Stanford scholars.

Stanford faculty members posed questions to Ambassador Yamada, touching on topics ranging from Japan-U.S.-Republic of Korea trilateral relations to the future of NATO’s role in Asia security. Ambassador Yamada underscored his belief in the growing strength of the Japan-Korea relationship, particularly among younger generations.

Ambassador Yamada and Consul General Osumi expressed a desire to deepen collaboration with academic institutions like Stanford and cultivate environments where Japanese scholars can thrive in global research ecosystems. In this context, the Ambassador addressed the decline in Japan’s global standing in science and technology research. He noted that, while Japan once led the way in innovation, there is a concern that the nation’s researchers are not sufficiently engaging with their international counterparts, including those in the United States.

A highlight of the discussion was the participation of Miku Yamada, a recent graduate of the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy Program at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies now serving as Second Secretary at the Embassy of Japan in Washington, DC. Yamada described how her experience at Stanford has shaped her career path and shared her passion for inspiring other Japanese students to pursue academic and research opportunities abroad.

The visit reaffirmed the commitment of Japan and the United States to maintaining a strong bilateral relationship, with continued emphasis on academic partnerships as a means of fostering mutual understanding and addressing global challenges. Ambassador Yamada expressed his enthusiasm for continued engagement with Stanford scholars and sharing their insights to inform U.S.-Japan policy discussions.

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Walking Out: America’s New Trade Policy in the Asia-Pacific and Beyond
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Walking Out: New Book Unravels the Shift in America's Trade Policy and Its Global Consequences

A new book by APARC Visiting Scholar Michael Beeman offers a timely analysis of the shift in United States' foreign trade policy, examines its recent choices to “walk out” on the principles that had defined the global trade system it had created, and offers recommendations for a redefined and more productive trade policy strategy.
Walking Out: New Book Unravels the Shift in America's Trade Policy and Its Global Consequences
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Open Faculty Positions in Japanese Politics and Foreign Policy, Korean Studies, and Taiwan Studies

Stanford University seeks candidates for a new faculty position in Japanese politics and foreign policy, a faculty position in Korean Studies, and a new faculty position on Taiwan. All three appointments will be at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and affiliated with Shorenstein APARC.
Open Faculty Positions in Japanese Politics and Foreign Policy, Korean Studies, and Taiwan Studies
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Stanford Japan Barometer Unveils Insights into Japanese Public Opinion on Same-Sex Marriage and Marital Surname Choices

A new installment of the Asahi Shimbun’s GLOBE+ series highlights Stanford Japan Barometer findings about Japanese public opinion on recognizing same-sex unions and legalizing a dual-surname option for married couples. Co-developed by Stanford sociologist Kiyoteru Tsutsui and Dartmouth College political scientist Charles Crabtree, the public opinion survey tracks evolving Japanese attitudes on political, economic, and social issues and unveils how question framing changes the results of public opinion polls.
Stanford Japan Barometer Unveils Insights into Japanese Public Opinion on Same-Sex Marriage and Marital Surname Choices
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Japan's Ambassador to the US Shigeo Yamada, Consul General Yo Osumi, and Kiyoteru Tsutsui, posing on the front steps of Encina Hall, Stanford.
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In a recent visit by a delegation from Japan's Embassy to the United States and Consulate-General of Japan in San Francisco, Ambassador Shigeo Yamada and Stanford experts discussed pressing issues affecting U.S.-Japan relations, regional security, and the international legal order. Hosted by APARC's Japan Program, the visit highlighted the role of academic institutions in informing policy and global cooperation.

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Stanford University seeks candidates for three faculty positions in Asian Studies. All three appointments will be at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) and affiliated with the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC). The deadline for submissions is November 30, 2024. Read on for more information about each position. Candidates should submit their applications via the Stanford Faculty Positions website.


Faculty Appointment in Japanese Politics and Foreign Policy

Stanford University seeks candidates for a new faculty position in the politics and foreign policy of Japan. The successful candidate will have expertise in politics, policy studies, diplomacy, security studies, international relations, or global affairs relating to Japan and the Indo-Pacific region, and will be expected to advance research and education on Japanese politics and foreign policy, in the Japan Program of APARC. This is an open-rank search.

The new faculty member will be appointed as a Senior Fellow or Center Fellow in FSI, affiliated with APARC. Senior Fellows at Stanford University are full members of the Professoriate and Academic Council, with a rank equivalent to tenured associate or full professor. Center Fellows at Stanford University are also members of the Professoriate and the Academic Council, with a rank equivalent to tenure-track assistant professor. Center Fellows are appointed for a fixed term of years with the possibility of promotion to Senior Fellow.

For more information and to apply, view the job posting on the Stanford Faculty Positions website > 


Faculty Appointment in Korean Studies

Stanford University seeks candidates for a faculty position in Korean Studies. The successful candidate will be expected to advance research and education on Korea, in the Korea Program of APARC.

The new faculty member will be appointed as Center Fellow in FSI, affiliated with APARC. Center Fellows at Stanford University are the equivalent rank of tenure-track assistant professor. They are members of the Professoriate and the Academic Council, eligible to serve as principal investigators, and accrue sabbatical. Center Fellows are appointed for a fixed term of years with the possibility of promotion to Senior Fellow.

For more information and to apply, view the job posting on the Stanford Faculty Positions website >


Faculty Appointment in Taiwan Studies

Stanford University seeks candidates for a new faculty position on Taiwan. The successful candidate will have expertise in policy studies, social sciences, international relations, or global affairs relating to Taiwan, and will be expected to advance research and education on Taiwan studies, in the newly established Taiwan Program of APARC. This is an open-rank search.

The new faculty member will be appointed as a Senior Fellow or Center Fellow in FSI, affiliated with APARC. Senior Fellows at Stanford University are full members of the Professoriate and Academic Council, with a rank equivalent to tenured associate or full professor. Center Fellows at Stanford University are also members of the Professoriate and the Academic Council, with a rank equivalent to tenure-track assistant professor. Center Fellows are appointed for a fixed term of years with the possibility of promotion to Senior Fellow.

For more information and to apply, view the job posting on the Stanford Faculty Positions website >

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Stanford’s Asia-Pacific Research Center Invites Applications for Fall 2025 Asia Studies Fellowships

The Center offers multiple fellowships for Asia researchers to begin in Autumn quarter 2025. These include postdoctoral fellowships on Asia-focused health policy, contemporary Japan, and the Asia-Pacific region, postdoctoral fellowships and visiting scholar positions with the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab, a visiting scholar position on contemporary Taiwan, and fellowships for experts on Southeast Asia.
Stanford’s Asia-Pacific Research Center Invites Applications for Fall 2025 Asia Studies Fellowships
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Korea Expert Paul Y. Chang Joins FSI as Senior Fellow

A leading sociologist of Korea, Professor Chang’s scholarship has influenced a number of subfields such as democratization, social movements, political repression, and demographic transition.
Korea Expert Paul Y. Chang Joins FSI as Senior Fellow
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The Inter-University Center for Japanese Language Studies Welcomes Kiyoteru Tsutsui as Executive Director

Tsutsui, whose research focuses on social movements, human rights, political sociology, and Japanese society, joins the IUC as it recently celebrated its 60th anniversary.
The Inter-University Center for Japanese Language Studies Welcomes Kiyoteru Tsutsui as Executive Director
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Stanford University seeks candidates for a new faculty position in Japanese politics and foreign policy, a faculty position in Korean Studies, and a new faculty position on Taiwan. All three appointments will be at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and affiliated with Shorenstein APARC.

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Stanford e-Japan enrolls exceptional high school students from Japan to engage in an intensive study of U.S. society and culture. The Reischauer Scholars Program (RSP) enrolls exceptional high school students from the United States to engage in an intensive study of Japanese society and culture. Both courses underscore the importance of U.S.–Japan relations. The Yanai Tadashi Foundation is the current supporter of Stanford e-Japan, and the Japan Fund at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) is the current supporter of the RSP.

On August 5, 2024, an award ceremony was held at Stanford University to honor SPICE’s Spring and Fall 2023 Stanford e-Japan student honorees and the 2024 RSP student honorees. The honorees performed at the highest levels of their courses as determined by Stanford e-Japan Instructors Waka Takahashi Brown (spring course) and Meiko Kotani (fall course), RSP Instructor Naomi Funahashi, and the research paper review committees. The honorees are:

Spring 2023 Stanford e-Japan 
Asumi Kato, Matsumoto Fukashi High School; home prefecture: Nagano
Luna Kihara, Osaka Jogakuin High School; home prefecture: Osaka
Satoshi Yamamura, Tokyo Metropolitan Fuji High School; home prefecture: Tokyo

Honorable Mentions:
Takuma Kawaguchi, Tokyo Gakugei University International Secondary School; home prefecture: Tokyo
Kanako Miyazaki, Saikyo Municipal High School; home prefecture: Kyoto

Fall 2023 Stanford e-Japan 
Hisataka Kadota, Okayama Prefectural Okayama Asahi Senior High School; home prefecture: Okayama
Shoma Nishida, Canadian Academy Kobe; home prefecture: Hyogo
Rei Ozawa, Keio Girls Senior High School; home prefecture: Tokyo

Honorable Mentions:
Mayu Anzai, Seiun High School; home prefecture: Hyogo
Rihito Kotani, Tokyo Gakugei University International Secondary School; home prefecture: Tokyo

2024 Reischauer Scholars Program
Sophie Ankeles, Polytechnic School; California
Annamika Konkola, West Linn High School; Oregon
Vivian Luo, Mt. Lebanon High School; Pennsylvania

Honorable Mentions:
Maya Swaminathan, Lynbrook High School; California
Catherine Fisher, The Nueva School; California

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The program began with welcoming comments from the Honorable Yo Osumi, Consul General of Japan in San Francisco. He commented that the Reischauer Scholars Program and Stanford e-Japan are very important for our two nations and noted that the education of youth has been one of his highest priorities since he assumed his post at the Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco. He extended high praise to the honorees.

Also in attendance from the Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco were Mayu Hagiwara, Director and Consul, Japan Information and Culture Center; Asumi Chikae, Consul for Education, Science, and Technology; and Yuriko Sugahara, Advisor for Cultural and Educational Affairs.

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student honorees with Consul General Osumi and Stanford instructors


Following the welcoming and opening comments, Brown, Kotani, and Funahashi gave overviews of their courses. The student honorees made engaging presentations based on their research papers and were very poised while fielding questions from the audience. Each honoree received a plaque from their instructor. (Photo above: student honorees and their instructors taken at Frances C. Arrillaga Alumni Center; Consul General Osumi, seventh from the right.)

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participants engage in conversation


Among the audience members were Stanford student Anna Matsumoto (photo above), a Yanai Tadashi Scholar from Tokushima Prefecture, and Keio Girls High School English Teacher and Global Partnership Coordinator Leon Mueller. Mueller commented,

It was such an honor to see the amazing presentations by this elite group of high school students. The Stanford e-Japan program provided them the opportunity to apply their drive and intellect in a highly academic environment, resulting in a stronger understanding of the U.S.–Japan partnership. It was also encouraging to see the many friendships being forged among the Japanese and American students and the desire to take what they had learned and share it with their peers back in their communities. I think this type of ripple effect is what makes the program so inspiring and unique.

 

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participants having a conversation outside of a conference room


Also in the audience were SPICE supporters, Adrian and Monica Yeung Arima. SPICE is grateful to them all for their unwavering support of SPICE. (Photo above: Mueller standing next to Kotani.)

The RSP is about to enter its 22nd year and Stanford e-Japan is currently in its 10th year. Many of the alumni are engaged in various fields related to U.S.–Japan relations and continue to give back to both programs by being guest speakers or mentors to the current students.

Following the formal event, the student honorees—most having just met each other in person for the first time—had the chance to enjoy lunch and a Stanford campus tour together. It is the hope of Brown, Kotani, and Funahashi that the Japanese and American student honorees will continue to strengthen their budding friendships and ensure that the U.S.–Japan relationship remains strong.

SPICE is grateful to President Tadashi Yanai for his generous support of Stanford e-Japan and to Chikano Shiroma of the Yanai Tadashi Foundation for her regular correspondence and encouragement. SPICE is also thankful to the Japan Fund committee at FSI for its generous support of the Reischauer Scholars Program. These courses and the ceremony would not be possible without them.

The Reischauer Scholars Program is currently accepting applications until October 18, 2024. Stanford e-Japan’s spring 2025 application period will be from November 15 to December 31, 2024.

To stay informed of SPICE news, join our email list and follow us on FacebookX, and Instagram.

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Student honorees with their instructors, Waka Takahashi Brown (far left, front row); Meiko Kotani (far right, front row); and Naomi Funahashi (far right, back row) in front of Encina Hall, Stanford University; all photos in this article courtesy Mia Kimura.
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The Honorable Yo Osumi, Consul General of Japan in San Francisco, makes opening comments.

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What policy options does the Japanese public prefer, and what might shift its attitudes? These are some questions the Stanford Japan Barometer (SJB) sets out to answer. SJB is a large-scale public opinion survey on political, economic, and social issues in Japan. Co-developed and led by Stanford sociologist Kiyoteru Tsutsui, the deputy director of APARC and director of the Center’s Japan Program, and Dartmouth College political scientist Charles Crabtree, a former visiting assistant professor with the Japan Program, SJB has so far published the results from its first two waves.

Wave 1 focused on issues related to gender and sexuality in Japanese politics, while Wave 2 focused on issues related to foreign policy and national defense. SJB findings fielded in these two waves indicate that most Japanese support recognizing same-sex unionslegalizing a dual-surname option for married couplespromoting women’s leadership in society, and that, in a Taiwan contingency, ​​Japanese people would be hesitant to fight China but would respond to a request from the U.S. military for logistical support.

Jointly with the Japan Program, GLOBE+, an international news outlet operated by the esteemed Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun, is publishing a series highlighting SJB findings. You can read an English translation of the first three pieces in this series. Here, we provide an English translation of the latest installment in the series, published on September 19, 2024. The translation was initially generated via DeepL. The text below was edited for accuracy and style.



Japanese Public Opinion on Legalizing Same-Sex Unions


Japan remains the only G7 country that has not legalized same-sex marriage or introduced a partnership system that offers marriage-equivalent rights at the national level. It is also the only country worldwide that mandates married couples to adopt the same surname.

Yet, according to the SJB survey, 47.2% of respondents were either "very much in favor" (18.6%) or "somewhat in favor" (28.6%) of legalizing same-sex marriage in Japan. In contrast, 15.8% were either "very much against" (6.8%) or "somewhat against" (9.0%), while 36.9% held a neutral stance, being “neither in favor nor against.” Support for same-sex marriage outpaced neutral responses by nearly three times.

The survey also explored public support for same-sex couples in leadership roles by asking respondents what kind of individuals they would like to see as members of the Diet or as outside directors of companies.

Participants were asked to consider six key attributes when identifying the types of candidates they would prefer to see in the next House of Representatives elections:

  • Age (from 32 years old to 82 years old, in 10-year increments) 
  • Gender 
  • Marriage (married, never married, divorced, same-sex couple) 
  • Number of children 
  • Educational background 
  • Work experience (11 types, including finance, economy, industry, and foreign affairs bureaucrats, business owners and executives, governors, local legislators, and homemakers)


Respondents were asked to create two “candidate images” by randomly combining six attributes and selecting one in a two-choice format. The same question was repeated a total of 10 times with different choices. The responses obtained from all survey participants were tabulated and analyzed.

The reason for the complexity of the method is that, from a statistical point of view, it allows the researchers to get closer to the “true feelings” (public opinion) of the respondents.

For each of the attributes, the percentage would be 50% if the respondents were indifferent to sexual orientation, but 45% of the respondents were in favor of electing a person from a same-sex couple to the National Assembly and 43.5% were in favor of electing a person from a same-sex couple to be a non-executive director, showing a downward trend in support. Although many people are in favor of same-sex marriage, it is evident that there is still a sense of discrimination against sexual minorities holding important public positions.

Of note, male respondents were less supportive of electing a person from a same-sex couple to the National Assembly, at 37.6%, compared to 50.6% of women. Support for electing a person from a same-sex couple to the National Assembly was also lower among respondents aged 70 and older at 31.1%, and higher among younger respondents: 58.9% of those aged 18 and 19, 60.5% of those aged 20 to 24, and 56.5% of those aged 25 to 29.

To identify what conditions could move public opinion, the researchers designed seven prompts regarding same-sex marriage, assigned them randomly to respondents, and compared their answers. The prompts included assumptions such as “In Japanese society, marriage is traditionally between two people of the opposite sex;” “If same-sex marriage is recognized, it will make it easier for same-sex couples to raise children, which may lead to an improvement in the declining birth rate and have beneficial effects for Japanese society;” and “From the perspective of human rights and gender equality, it would be unfair not to recognize same-sex marriage.”

The results show that support for same-sex marriage increases the most when respondents are presented with an argument that not allowing same-sex marriage is unfair from the point of view of human rights and gender equality.
 

Public Opinion on Legalizing Dual-Surname Option for Married Couples


The SJB survey also examined the public opinion of the selective surname system, which would allow married Japanese people to keep their premarital surnames if they wished. In surveying this issue, the researchers used two different question formats to shed light on a debate surrounding the Japanese government’s modification of its public opinion survey on this issue between 2017 and 2021. After the government revised the question asked on this matter, support for the selective surname system dropped from a record high of 42.5% in 2017 to a record low of only 28.9% in 2021. Therefore, the SJB randomly assigned respondents to answer two versions of the government survey under scrutiny, from 2017 and 2021.

In the 2021 government survey, respondents had to read certain materials before saying whether they approve or disapprove of the selective surname system. The materials included two tables. One, titled “Reference Material on Married Couples’ Surnames and Family Names,” explains the current system of married couples' surnames, the selective system of married couples' surnames, and the legal system for the use of the common name of the maiden name, respectively.

The other table explains the options, with the horizontal axis divided into “maintain the system of married couples with the same surname” and “introduce a selective system of married couples with separate surnames,” and the vertical axis divided into “no” and “yes” for “need to establish a legal system for using the maiden name as the common name.”

In 2021, the respondents were asked to choose from the following three options: “It is preferable to maintain the current system of married couples having the same family name;” “It is preferable to maintain the current system of married couples having the same family name and establish a legal system for the use of the maiden name;” and “It is preferable to introduce a selective system of married couples having separate family names.”

On the other hand, the question until 2017 was “Currently, married couples must always take the same surname.” After explaining the current system and the system of selective married couples' surnames, the question was “As long as a couple is married, they should always take the same surname.. If a couple wishes to take their premarital surname, they may change the law to allow each person to take their pre-marital surname. The couple should take the same surname, but it is acceptable to change the law so that a person who has changed his/her surname by marriage can use his/her pre-marital surname as a common name anywhere.”

As a result, under the 2021 method, 30% of the respondents chose “it is better to maintain the current system of the same family name for married couples,” 39% chose “it is better to maintain the current system of the same family name for married couples and establish a legal system for the use of the maiden name as a common name,” and 30% chose “it is better to introduce an optional system of separate family names for married couples.

On the other hand, in the 2017 method, 23% of respondents said “As long as a couple is married, they should always take the same surname (family name), and there is no need to change the current law,” while 57% said “If a couple wishes to take their pre-marital surname (family name), it is fine to change the law to allow each couple to take their pre-marital surname (family name). 57% said they “do not mind” and 19% said they “do not mind” if the law is changed to allow married couples to use their maiden name as a common name even if they wish to keep their maiden name. In other words, 57% of the respondents chose to selectively separate their surnames.

The 2021 method was criticized for how the question was asked, which was different from how it had been asked until 2017 and allegedly induced more support for using common names. The results of the SJB survey show that even if respondents were randomly assigned to the 2017 and 2021 methods at the same time, the results of the 2021 method would show more support for using common names. In other words, one should be wary of citing the results of the 2021 method to argue that support for the use of common names is higher than support for a legal change to selective married couples.

To find out under what conditions public opinion would move toward selective surnames for married couples, the SJB also conducted an experiment on different arguments that might influence support for a legal change to allow married couples to keep different surnames.

The arguments included different prompts: “In Japanese society, there is a tradition that married couples take the same surname once they get married;” “In Japanese society, there is a tradition that married couples take separate surnames once they get married;” “Among those who had surnames in pre-modern Japan, and even in early Meiji Era Japan, it was normal for married couples to have separate surnames after marriage;” “It is largely women who change their surnames after marriage;” “If married couples take different surnames after marriage, it will weaken family ties and have negative impact on children, which will lead to a loss for Japanese society.” The respondents were asked whether they agreed or disagreed with the prompts.

The results show that the argument about social costs — how allowing married couples to maintain different surnames would weaken family ties with harmful effects on children — seems to substantially change public attitudes, reducing support for a legal change.

The SJB survey results suggest that responses to polls vary depending on how the questions are asked and on the assumptions made. When looking at poll results, it is therefore important to note the framing of the questions and prompts.

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The Asahi Shimbun is publishing a series highlighting the Stanford Japan Barometer, a periodic public opinion survey co-developed by Stanford sociologist Kiyoteru Tsutsui and Dartmouth College political scientist Charles Crabtree, which unveils nuanced preferences and evolving attitudes of the Japanese public on political, economic, and social issues.
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New Study Reveals Geopolitical Rivalries Shape Attitudes Toward Immigrants

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A new installment of the Asahi Shimbun’s GLOBE+ series highlights Stanford Japan Barometer findings about Japanese public opinion on recognizing same-sex unions and legalizing a dual-surname option for married couples. Co-developed by Stanford sociologist Kiyoteru Tsutsui and Dartmouth College political scientist Charles Crabtree, the public opinion survey tracks evolving Japanese attitudes on political, economic, and social issues and unveils how question framing changes the results of public opinion polls.

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From tariff wars to torn-up trade agreements, Michael Beeman's new book “Walking Out” explores America's recent and dramatic turn away from support for freer, rules-based trade to instead go its own new way. Focusing on America's trade engagements in the Asia-Pacific and drawing on his experience as a former senior U.S. trade official, Beeman contrasts the trade policy choices made by America's leaders over several generations with those of today-decisions that are now undermining the trading system America created and triggering new tensions between America and its trading partners, allies and adversaries alike. With enormous implications for the future of regional and global trade, this timely analysis unravels the implications of America's seismic shift in approach for the future of the rules-based trading order and America's role in it.

Join us for a lunchtime conversation with author Michael Beeman at this book launch event.

 

Speaker:

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Dr. Michael Beeman is a Visiting Scholar at the Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC) through 2024, where he researches and writes about trade policy issues such as economic security between the United States and Asia. He has also taught international policy as a lecturer with the Ford Dorsey Masters in International Policy program.

From January 2017 until January 2023, he was Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Japan, Korea and APEC at the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR). In that role, he led the renegotiation of the U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement and the U.S.-Japan Trade Agreement, among other initiatives. Prior to this, he served in other capacities at USTR and, between 1998 and 2004, at the U.S. Department of Commerce.  He received his D.Phil. (Ph.D.) in Politics from the University of Oxford in 1998 and an M.A. in International Relations from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in 1991.  He is the author of Walking Out: America’s New Trade Policy in the Asia-Pacific and Beyond (Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, 2024) and Public Policy and Economic Competition in Japan (Routledge, 2003). 

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Visiting Scholar at APARC, 2023-24
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Dr. Beeman was a Visiting Scholar at the Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC) from 2023 to 2024. He researched and wrote about trade policy issues such as economic security between the United States and Asia. He also taught international policy as a lecturer with the Ford Dorsey Masters in International Policy program. 

From January 2017 until January 2023, he was Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Japan, Korea and APEC at the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR). In that role, he led the renegotiation of the U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement and the U.S.-Japan Trade Agreement, among other initiatives. Prior to this, he served in other capacities at USTR and, between 1998 and 2004, at the U.S. Department of Commerce.  He received his D.Phil. (Ph.D.) in Politics from the University of Oxford in 1998 and an M.A. in International Relations from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in 1991.  He is the author of Walking Out: America’s New Trade Policy in the Asia-Pacific and Beyond (Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, 2024) and Public Policy and Economic Competition in Japan (Routledge, 2003). 

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On May 24, 2024, Satoshi Yamaguchi, drummer (RADWIMPS) and Visiting Researcher at Keio University, gave an inspiring talk to alumni and students of all of SPICE’s 2023–2024 courses in China, Japan, and the United States. This was the first time that a special online session was held for all of SPICE’s courses. Rylan Sekiguchi facilitated the session, and Dr. Makiko Hirata served as an interpreter.

Drummer Satoshi Yamaguchi joined the rock band RADWIMPS as a freshman in college. When he was 20 years old, the band made its major label debut and quickly grew in popularity, earning multiple #1 hits, awards, and recognitions. According to Satoshi, “Everything was smooth sailing.” However, in 2009 Satoshi began to suffer from musicians’ dystonia, a condition that made it increasingly difficult for him to play the drums. According to Satoshi, “in 2015, in the middle of creating music for the megahit anime movie Your Name that would catapult RADWIMPS to worldwide fame, I made the difficult decision to leave the band on an indefinite hiatus. It was an extremely emotional and painful time for me.” Today Satoshi is a small business owner in a town called Hayama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan—growing rice and running an ice cream factory—and is also a Visiting Researcher at Keio University, where he conducts research on musicians’ dystonia with Dr. Shinya Fujii, Director of Neuromusiclab at Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus. He is also collaborating with Dr. Takako Fujioka, Professor of Music at Stanford University, who is a neuroscientist investigating brain functions related to music. Together they work on a research project that focuses on physical and psychological health issues in drummers in the United States. Satoshi hopes to understand his condition better and eventually return to the stage.

In the special online session, Satoshi shared his unique life experiences—both successes and setbacks—and how they have shaped his attitude and perspectives on life. In his opening comments, he noted, “I would be very happy if I could share with you some insights that I have gained through my experiences and words that have supported me during difficult times, and if they could provide some hints for your future life.” As students and alumni of SPICE’s courses reflected upon his talk, multiple insights that he shared especially stood out and are important lessons for youth. These insights are shared below through eight excerpts from his talk.

First, while reflecting on his youth, Satoshi noted,

Not long before I joined RADWIMPS, when I was in high school, I formed a metal rock band with my music-loving friends in my hometown of Yokohama and played the drums. I was so busy with my band and part-time job that I didn’t study much, especially English, which I was very bad at. It is hard to believe that I am speaking in English in front of you today.


Satoshi’s presentation in English to the biggest audience of students SPICE has ever convened was an inspiration for students who are studying English in Japan and China, and English language learners in the United States.

Second, while reflecting upon a band competition as a high school student, he noted,

… our [metal rock] band’s goal was to participate in a national high school music festival held once a year at Yokohama Arena! How fascinating to have the chance to perform on a stage big enough to hold 10,000 people, isn’t it? Of course, the auditions were tough, and we were unsuccessful in our first and second years, but in our third year, we finally made it to the finals. On the day of the show, we were full of confidence. After successfully completing our performance as the first band, we listened to our rivals, saying “None of the other bands were that good.” However, when I heard the last band’s song, I was shocked beyond belief. It was RADWIMPS. Some of the lyrics of one of their songs made me think that someone else seemed to know my heart better than I. RADWIMPS won the competition, my band lost.


Satoshi ended this segment of his talk by noting that “Perhaps the day will come when your biggest rival today will become your best friend.” This statement really seemed to have resonated in students, as they all knew that Satoshi eventually joined RADWIMPS.

Third, Satoshi reflected upon a life-long lesson that he learned from one of his fellow RADWIMPS band members. Satoshi recalled,

Toward the end of my first year of college, my [metal rock] band broke up and RADWIMPS was looking for a new drummer, which led to me joining. We were creating new songs, but at the time I could only hit a simple 8-note beat, which is often played in rock music. One day, Yojiro, the songwriter, said to me, “Satoshi, you are not allowed to play an 8-note beat without a reason.” When I was confused, he said, “We are going to make music that has never been made before. We are aiming for a future where a genre called RADWIMPS will be born, just like rock, pop, and jazz. To do that, you can’t just play the beats that have been around before, can you? You have to pursue your own new beat.” At another time, he said, “Your children and grandchildren will one day listen to the beats you play. Are you sure that’s the best beat?” It is embarrassing to look back now, but at the time I did not have his kind of vision at all.


Throughout his talk, Satoshi underscored the importance of creativity. I believe that his statement, “You have to pursue your own new beat,” has remained in the minds of many students. Another insight that he shared was that “Out of limitations come innovations. Being forbidden to play the 8-note beat, which I was most familiar with, allowed me to use my imagination, which had been dormant inside me, to ask, ‘What can I do then?’” One beat that was created at that time became the basis for the theme song of Your Name.

Fourth, while Satoshi openly shared his experience with musicians’ dystonia, I witnessed the very serious looks on the faces of the students and alumni. He reflected,

… when I was 24 years old, my right foot suddenly stopped moving while playing the drums. This was a symptom called musicians’ dystonia, as I later found out. The bass drum, played with the right foot, is the foundation of music. The dystonia made it impossible for me to express myself musically as I had imagined. For the next six years, I continued to perform, trying to do the best I could. However, the symptoms gradually became worse, eventually spreading to my left foot, and I no longer found pleasure in playing music. Then in 2015, I made the decision to give up being the drummer of my favorite band in the world and take an indefinite hiatus. It was one of the heaviest and most painful moments of my life.


I am confident that Satoshi’s reflections prompted many students to think about the “heaviest and most painful moments” in their lives and ask themselves, “What can we learn from these moments, and how can we use these lessons as we go through our lives?”

Fifth, Satoshi reflected upon the continued success of RADWIMPS and noted,

When I was exhausted both mentally and physically, I came across this town, Hayama…[with a view of] Mt. Fuji over the sea. When I saw this scenery, for the first time in a long time, I felt a sincere emotion. I loved the state of mind I was in when I was looking at this mountain. I felt that this town was calling me. Trusting this intuition, I decided to move to Hayama with my family. Shortly after I started living in Hayama, I encountered these rice terraces… as I deepened my relationships with local farmers, I learned that rice terraces were facing a number of difficulties and their survival was at risk. I began to wonder if I could do something about this place that had saved my life.


Hayama’s rice terraces are visited by Silicon Valley Keio International Program (SKIP), an international exchange program between Keio and Stanford students. Through such programs, Satoshi is giving back to his community by “respecting tradition while innovating it,” and Satoshi hopes that all students will consider this as well for communities that have made a difference in their lives.

Sixth, 20 years later, RADWIMPS has become one of Japan’s leading bands, and Satoshi commented that “my three sons sing our songs every day! I am now once again feeling the amazing power of having a vision.” Satoshi urged the audience to “imagine what the future looks like, and then truly believe that it can be realized,” which is such a powerful message for youth. Also, about half a year into his farming life, the film Your Name was released in September 2016. Satoshi was impressed with the film but felt that,

… the whole world was telling me, “You made the wrong choice.” And I couldn’t even listen to the past songs of RADWIMPS anymore. I was also disappointed in myself for not being able to honestly be happy about the success of a band without me. But it was also music that saved me from such feelings…. If success is all there is to life, then it might mean that I, who could not share in the worldwide success of Your Name, would be unhappy for the rest of my life. But is that really true? There might be other ways to find happiness. That’s how I came to think of it.


Following this reflection, Satoshi decided to seek his “own kind of honest enjoyment” and encourages students to seek theirs as well.

Seventh, during a recent research visit to Stanford University, he was introduced to Stanford Taiko through a student whom he met through SKIP, and also met Roy and PJ Hirabayashi, founding directors of San Jose Taiko. Sekiguchi, who moderated the seminar by Satoshi, used to be a performer with both Stanford Taiko and San Jose Taiko. Reflecting on a San Jose Taiko performance, Satoshi stated,

I have seen many shows in my life, but this was the first time I had ever seen an encore that not only involved all of the performers but the audience as well dancing in a circle. It made me rethink the essence of what music is. And as I played with people who truly love taiko and music, I gradually remembered the joy of playing instruments. After all, I want to play drums again… [While observing taiko and talking with PJ, Satoshi realized that] It is ‘using the voice to make the real bass drum sound.’ It happened while I was learning a new beat for taiko. In the taiko community, there is no musical score, and rhythmic patterns are taught orally.


He commented to students that “singing and the voice are the most fundamental instruments that humans have,” and that “other instruments are an extension of them.” He is currently working on the research and development of a new instrument using the voice. He believes that he will find his own “new sound” and the day will come when he will once again stand on stage as the drummer of RADWIMPS.

Eighth, Satoshi concluded his talk with two reflections on his life. The first was “Difficulties can be a catalyst to create new value.” He stated, “In life, difficulties are inevitable… No one in this world can live alone. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. Likewise, if someone asks you for advice, please listen intently with the attitude, ‘What can I do for you?’” The second was “What has been does not determine what will be, but what will be gives meaning to what has been.” He stated, “In the future, when you are choosing a career path, a place of employment, or anything else, you may be wondering, ‘Is this really the right choice?’ Or, after you have made your choice, you may feel that ‘This is not how it was supposed to be.’ I believe that the important thing is not what you choose, but what you do after you choose. I was on the verge of great global success but was unable to witness it. But I have been valuing what I enjoy, what I like, what I want to do, and as a result, I am living very happily now. If you ever lose your way in the future, I would be happy [if you] remember that there is someone living life like this.”

SPICE is grateful to Sabrina Ishimatsu for organizing this special online session. SPICE hopes to feature another musician in a second special online session in 2025.

To stay informed of SPICE news, join our email list and follow us on Facebook, X, and Instagram.

To learn more about SPICE’s student programs, visit our Student Programs page.

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Satoshi Yamaguchi, RADWIMPS drummer; photo courtesy Satoshi Yamaguchi and RADWIMPS.
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Satoshi Yamaguchi inspires students to overcome setbacks.

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Cover of book "Beyond Power Transitions" showing a Chinese painting of officials

Questions about the likelihood of conflict between the United States and China have dominated international policy discussion for years. But the leading theory of power transitions between a declining hegemon and a rising rival is based exclusively on European examples, such as the Peloponnesian War, as chronicled by Thucydides, as well as the rise of Germany under Bismarck and the Anglo-German rivalry of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. What lessons does East Asian history offer for both the power transitions debate and the future of U.S.-China relations?

Examining the rise and fall of East Asian powers over 1,500 years, Beyond Power Transitions offers a new perspective on the forces that shape war and peace. Xinru Ma and David C. Kang argue that focusing on the East Asian experience underscores domestic risks and constraints on great powers, not relative rise and decline in international competition. They find that almost every regime transition before the twentieth century was instigated by internal challenges, and even the exceptions deviated markedly from the predictions of power transition theory. Instead, East Asia was stable for a remarkably long time despite massive power differences because of common understandings about countries’ relative status. Provocative and incisive, this book challenges prevailing assumptions about the universality of power transition theory and shows why East Asian history has profound implications for international affairs today.


About the Authors


Xinru Ma is a Research Fellow on the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab research team at Stanford University’s Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center. Her scholarship focuses on nationalism, great power politics, and East Asian security.

David C. Kang is Maria Crutcher Professor of International Relations at the University of Southern California, where he also directs the Korean Studies Institute. His Columbia University Press books include East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute (2010) and, with Victor D. Cha, Nuclear North Korea: A Debate on Engagement Strategies (revised and updated edition, 2018).


Book Review

 

By Stefan Messingschlager, Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg, Germany
International Studies Review, Volume 28, Issue 1, March 2026

 

"Beyond Power Transitions distinguishes itself through its theoretical originality, empirical rigor, and incisive critique of dominant IR paradigms. By adeptly integrating meticulous historical scholarship with critical theoretical insights, Ma and Kang not only challenge entrenched Eurocentric perspectives but significantly advance discourse on the normative underpinnings of international stability."

 

Extract


Amid escalating geopolitical tensions between the USA and China, Xinru Ma and David C. Kang’s Beyond Power Transitions thoughtfully engages one of the most pivotal contemporary debates in International Relations (IR): How can shifts between established and rising powers be conceptualized without presuming an inevitable conflict? Critically examining “power transition theory”—a paradigm famously articulated by A.F.K. Organski and recently popularized through Graham Allison’s concept of the “Thucydides Trap,” which contends that rapid shifts in relative power between a declining hegemon and an ascending challenger significantly heighten the risk of war—Ma and Kang persuasively argue that the theory’s predominantly materialist and Eurocentric foundations severely limit its explanatory power beyond Western historical contexts. By disproportionately emphasizing cases such as the Anglo-German rivalry of the late nineteenth century, traditional analyses systematically obscure alternative historical experiences and non-Western mechanisms for managing power shifts.

To redress this imbalance, Ma and Kang propose a theoretical recalibration that emphasizes the crucial role of normative and culturally embedded structures in managing interstate relations (Chapter 1). Central to their reconceptualization is the innovative notion of the “common conjecture,” defined as a socially constructed consensus among East Asian states regarding legitimate leadership roles, recognized hierarchies, and accepted status positions within the regional order (p. 5). Significantly, the authors stress that this normative consensus was not merely an abstract ideal but rather a concretely institutionalized system maintained through culturally embedded diplomatic rituals and tributary practices. Korea’s regular tribute missions to the Ming and Qing courts, involving highly formalized ceremonies, exemplify how these normative practices symbolically enacted legitimacy and mutual recognition, thereby actively reinforcing and stabilizing regional hierarchies. Ma and Kang convincingly argue that these normative frameworks functioned as “snap-back mechanisms,” effectively restoring regional stability after major disruptions, such as dynastic transitions or external invasions. Additionally, they underscore the strategic agency exercised by smaller states within these normative orders, demonstrating how such actors carefully balanced hierarchical obligations with their own political autonomy—thus highlighting the tangible political significance and practical effectiveness of normative diplomacy.

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The Lessons of East Asian History and the Future of U.S.-China Relations

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The Inter-University Center for Japanese Language Studies (IUC), the premier North American program for teaching Japanese, is pleased to welcome Kiyoteru Tsutsui as its new Executive Director. Tsutsui is the Henri H. and Tomoye Takahashi Professor and Senior Fellow in Japanese Studies at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC) at Stanford University, where he is also Director of the Japan Program, a Senior Fellow of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, and a Professor of Sociology. He holds a bachelor’s and master’s in Sociology from Kyoto University, as well
as an additional master’s and PhD in Sociology from Stanford University.

“I am very excited to join the IUC community and deeply honored to serve as its Executive Director,” said Tsutsui. “It’s such an essential part of the ecosystem of Japanese studies in North America, and thanks to the fantastic leadership of Indra Levy, it is thriving as it enters the sixth decade of its existence, serving as the key bridge between aspiring Japanese studies students and their dissertation work, between ambitious professionals and their success in Japan-related fields, and between Japan and North America more broadly.”

Tsutsui’s research interests include political and comparative sociology, social movements, globalization, human rights, and Japanese society, and he has authored numerous papers and several books, including Rights Make Might: Global Human Rights and Minority Social Movements in Japan (Oxford University Press 2018), and two co-edited volumes Corporate Social Responsibility in a Globalizing World (with Alwyn Lim, Cambridge University Press 2015) and The Courteous Power: Japan and Southeast Asia in the Indo-Pacific Era (with John Ciorciari, University of Michigan Press, 2021).

Throughout his career, Tsutsui has worked to build links between Japan and North America in the domains of education, business, technology, and politics, and he has been a stalwart supporter of Japanese studies in North America.

“Kiyo is a passionate advocate for Japanese Studies,” said Indra Levy, Stanford Associate Professor of Japanese Literature and outgoing IUC Executive Director. “His enthusiasm and dynamism will be major assets as the IUC moves into the next chapter of its illustrious history.”

IUC recently celebrated its 60th anniversary and looked back on the impact of six decades of training Japan experts. Alumni of the program have gone on to influence nearly every area of Japanese studies, garnering numerous awards and achievements in higher education, diplomacy, business, art, and philanthropy, including 21 Orders of the Rising Sun and over 1,500 published books. Looking forward, Tsutsui sees a bright future ahead.

“The IUC, with its demonstrated capacity to nurture leaders of Japanese studies, is a critical component of Japan-North America relations,” said Tsutsui. “As Executive Director, I will strive to enhance this important role and ensure we serve the needs of the students, faculty, staff and alumni of the IUC. I believe the IUC can have an even greater impact on Japanese language education and Japan-North America relations, and I look forward to learning from and working with the entire community to realize that mission.”



About IUC


The Inter-University Center for Japanese Language Studies (IUC) is the premier North American program for the teaching of advanced Japanese and has provided language training to more than 3,000 individuals. First established in Tokyo in 1963, the Center now resides in Yokohama, Japan with space, services, and various amenities provided by the municipal government. The program is run by a consortium of 14 North American universities with strong, established graduate programs in Japanese studies.

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At the Nikkei Forum, Freeman Spogli Institute scholars Oriana Skylar Mastro, Michael McFaul, Gi-Wook Shin, and Kiyoteru Tsutsui considered the impacts of the war in Ukraine, strategies of deterrence in Taiwan, and the growing tension between liberal democracy and authoritarian populism.
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A Pivotal Partnership: The U.S.-Japan Alliance, Deterrence, and the Future of Taiwan

A panel discussion co-hosted by Shorenstein APARC and the Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA examined the key dynamics at play in the unfolding regional competition over power, influence, and the fate of Taiwan.
A Pivotal Partnership: The U.S.-Japan Alliance, Deterrence, and the Future of Taiwan
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Kiyoteru Tsutsui Rod Searcey
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Tsutsui, whose research focuses on social movements, human rights, political sociology, and Japanese society, joins the IUC as it recently celebrated its 60th anniversary.

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