FSI scholars approach their research on the environment from regulatory, economic and societal angles. The Center on Food Security and the Environment weighs the connection between climate change and agriculture; the impact of biofuel expansion on land and food supply; how to increase crop yields without expanding agricultural lands; and the trends in aquaculture. FSE’s research spans the globe – from the potential of smallholder irrigation to reduce hunger and improve development in sub-Saharan Africa to the devastation of drought on Iowa farms. David Lobell, a senior fellow at FSI and a recipient of a MacArthur “genius” grant, has looked at the impacts of increasing wheat and corn crops in Africa, South Asia, Mexico and the United States; and has studied the effects of extreme heat on the world’s staple crops.
Can Cash Transfers Save Countries from Resource Windfalls?
Abstract:
The discovery of oil or gas in a poor country is potentially beneficial and, simultaneously, potentially calamitous. While countries could put oil revenues toward building much-needed schools and roads, fixing and staffing health systems, and policing the streets, many resource-rich states fare little better—and often much worse—than their re resource-poor counterparts. Too often public money is misallocated and funds meant to be saved are raided, and citizens pay the price. While there is much discussion about how to respond to windfalls, solutions to counteract potential corrosive effects are highly elusive. Todd Moss leads CGD's Oil-to-Cash initiative, which is exploring one policy option: paying revenues directly to citizens. Under this proposal, a government would transfer some or all of the revenue from natural resource extraction to citizens in universal, transparent, and regular payments. The state would treat these payments as normal income and tax it accordingly—thus forcing the state to collect taxes, and addinng additional pressure for public accountability and more responsible resource management. Todd will talk about the idea, the pitfalls, and some of the emerging models experimenting with aspects of the Oil-to-Cash model.
Todd Moss is vice president for programs and senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, a Washington-DC based thinktank. Moss previously served in the US State Department, worked at the World Bank, and was a lecturer at the London School of Economics. He is the author of African Development: Making sense of the issues and actors (2011).
Encina Ground Floor Conference Room
AMENDS conference
2013 Summit Schedule
Monday, April 15
12:00 – 1:00 PM
1:30-3:00 Gunn-SIEPR Building AMENDS Talks: Impact Entrepreneurship
Session I Speakers:
Mohammad Agzar, Agam Rafaeli, Rena Zuabi, Ruchi Dana, Samer Azar, and Yad Faeq
3:00-3:45 Networking Session
3:45-5:15 AMENDS Talks: Impact Entrepreneurship
Session II Speakers:
Sabera Daqiq, Al Nasir Bellah Al-Nasli, Ali Chehade, Frank Fredericks, Ibrahim Mothana, and Sarah Mousa
Tuesday, April 16
1:30-3:00 Gunn-SIEPR Building AMENDS Talks: Education and the Environment
Session I Speakers:
Dari AlHuwail, Ghadeer al-Khenaisi, Yasmeen Makarem, Farshad Ghodoosi, and Majda Rahal
3:00-3:45 Networking Session
3:45-5:15 AMENDS Talks: Education and the Environment
Session I Speakers:
Adi Gilgi, Ala Queslati, Hamza Arsbi, Laura McAdams, Sarafina Midzik, Alia Mahmoud, and Becca Farnum
Wednesday April 17
10:00- 11:30 MacKenzie Room, Huang Engineering Center AMENDS Talks: Activism and the Art of Change
Session I Speakers:
Alana Marie Levinson, Nadia Arouri, Nargiz Azaryun, Que Newbiil, Soumaya Boughanmi, and Abdellah Yassine Boukourizia
11:30- 12:30 Networking Lunch
12:30-2:00 AMENDS Talks: Activism and the Art of Change
Session II Speakers:
Arez Hussein, Ashley Lohman, Todd Ruffner, Salma Hegab, Nicholas Glastonbury, and Nihal Saad Zaghloul
4/15 Gunn-SIEPHR Building
4/16 Gunn-SIEPHR Building
4/17 MacKenzie Room, Huang Engineering Center
What works for climate adaptation? Testing and targeting strategies in crop development
This talk is part of Stanford's Environmental Earth System Science seminar series.
Y2E2 room 111
Stanford, CA 94305-4020
David Lobell
Energy and Environment Building
473 Via Ortega
Stanford CA 94305
David Lobell is the Benjamin M. Page Professor at Stanford University in the Department of Earth System Science and the Gloria and Richard Kushel Director of the Center on Food Security and the Environment. He is also the William Wrigley Senior Fellow at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, and a senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) and the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy and Research (SIEPR).
Lobell's research focuses on agriculture and food security, specifically on generating and using unique datasets to study rural areas throughout the world. His early research focused on climate change risks and adaptations in cropping systems, and he served on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report as lead author for the food chapter and core writing team member for the Summary for Policymakers. More recent work has developed new techniques to measure progress on sustainable development goals and study the impacts of climate-smart practices in agriculture. His work has been recognized with various awards, including the Macelwane Medal from the American Geophysical Union (2010), a Macarthur Fellowship (2013), the National Academy of Sciences Prize in Food and Agriculture Sciences (2022) and election to the National Academy of Sciences (2023).
Prior to his Stanford appointment, Lobell was a Lawrence Post-doctoral Fellow at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He holds a PhD in Geological and Environmental Sciences from Stanford University and a Sc.B. in Applied Mathematics from Brown University.
Lobell Lab
G-FEED: Global Food, Environment and Economic Dynamics
Understanding Fertilizer Effectiveness and Adoption in Zambia
This project will focus on the potential role of fertilizer in the intensification of maize production amongst Zambian smallholders. Data to be analyzed during this research includes household survey data and linked soil analysis data.
David Lobell talks about heat and hunger at ASU
Households depend upon food prices, incomes, and disease burdens that impact the ability to use consumed food. Climate change and extreme temperatures impact all of these factors. In this talk, David Lobell focuses on the impact of heat in growing regions that are important for food prices. He reviews recent research on heat impacts and discusses whether crop yields are becoming more or less sensitive to heat.
Paying for Performance to Improve Health in Rural China
Grant Miller will discuss the results of his SAPARC-funded research in rural China, supplementing a large NIH-funded project about pay-for-performance to improve health. The research was designed to test the effect of offering school principals small incentives for anemia reduction on the health and academic performance of primary school students – potentially leading to substantially more cost-effective health policies.
Grant Miller, PHD, MPP, is an Associate Professor of Medicine at the Stanford School of Medicine, a Core Faculty Member at the Center for Health Policy/Primary Care and Outcomes Research, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). He is also a Faculty Fellow of the Stanford Center for International Development and a Faculty Affiliate of the Stanford Center for Latin American Studies. His primary areas of interest are health and development economics and economic demography.
Miller's current research focuses broadly on behavioral obstacles to health improvement in developing countries. One line of studies investigates household decision-making underlying puzzlingly low adoption rates of highly efficacious health technologies (like point-of-use drinking water disinfectants and improved cookstoves) in many poor countries. Another vein of research investigates misaligned macro- and micro-level incentives governing the supply of health technologies and services. He has conducted these and other research projects at institutions including the National Bureau of Economic Research, the Urban Institute, and the University of California-San Francisco's Institute for Health Policy Studies. He received a BA in psychology from Yale College, a master's degree in public policy from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and a PhD in health policy/economics also from Harvard.
Philippines Conference Room
Grant Miller
Encina Commons Room 101,
615 Crothers Way,
Stanford, CA 94305-6006
As a health and development economist based at the Stanford School of Medicine, Dr. Miller's overarching focus is research and teaching aimed at developing more effective health improvement strategies for developing countries.
His agenda addresses three major interrelated themes: First, what are the major causes of population health improvement around the world and over time? His projects addressing this question are retrospective observational studies that focus both on historical health improvement and the determinants of population health in developing countries today. Second, what are the behavioral underpinnings of the major determinants of population health improvement? Policy relevance and generalizability require knowing not only which factors have contributed most to population health gains, but also why. Third, how can programs and policies use these behavioral insights to improve population health more effectively? The ultimate test of policy relevance is the ability to help formulate new strategies using these insights that are effective.
A discussion about economic formalization in the MENA region
Abstract:
Does formalization really matter for developing economies? Informality has been considered as a negative economic factor as it has been associated with low productivity, high barriers to growth (dead capital), low government revenues and lack of access to credit and property rights. The remedy has been often sought in the formalization of informal economic activities, firms, workers and transactions. However, is formalization anyway a good option for development and growth in such hostile institutional settings like the ones existent in most developing countries including the Middle East? Will formalization save small entrepreneurs from rampant corruption, high interest rates, dependent judiciary, and weak rule of law? or are there alternative means to render the present informal settings more productive and developmental?
Speaker Bio:
Amr Adly has a Ph.D. from the European University Institute-Florence, Department of political and social sciences (Date of completion: September 2010). His thesis topic was "The political economy of trade and industrialization in the post-liberalization period: Cases of Turkey and Egypt". The thesis was published by Routledge in December 2012 under the title of State Reform and Development in the Middle East: The Cases of Turkey and Egypt.
He has several other academic publications that have appeared in the Journal of Business and Politics, Turkish Studies, and Middle Eastern Studies, in addition to articles in several other periodicals and newspapers in English and Arabic.
Before joining Stanford, he worked as a senior researcher at the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, heading the unit of social and economic rights, and at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a diplomat.
At Stanford, he is leading a research project on reforming the regulatory environment governing entrepreneurship after the Arab Spring in Egypt and Tunisia, which will result in policy papers as well as conferences in the two countries.
Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room
Amr Adly
Encina Hall
616 Serra Street, C145
Stanford, CA 94305-6055
Amr Adly has a Ph.D. from the European University Institute-Florence, Department of political and social sciences (Date of completion: September 2010). His thesis topic was "The political economy of trade and industrialization in the post-liberalization period: Cases of Turkey and Egypt". The thesis was published by Routledge in December 2012 under the title of State Reform and Development in the Middle East: The Cases of Turkey and Egypt.
He has several other academic publications that have appeared in the Journal of Business and Politics, Turkish Studies, and Middle Eastern Studies, in addition to articles in several other periodicals and newspapers in English and Arabic.
Before joining Stanford, he worked as a senior researcher at the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, heading the unit of social and economic rights, and at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a diplomat.
At Stanford, he is leading a research project on reforming the regulatory environment governing entrepreneurship after the Arab Spring in Egypt and Tunisia, which will result in policy papers as well as conferences in the two countries.
Satellite data play critical role in understanding yield gaps
According to a new study by FSE's David Lobell, satellite data can play a critical role in understanding yield gaps and meeting future crop demand. Lobell's review appeared in a special issue in Field Crops Research dedicated to crop yield gap analysis.
To date, satellite data have played a relatively small role in understanding the magnitude and causes of yield gaps in most regions. However, the few examples that exist indicate that remote sensing can help to overcome some of the inherent spatial and temporal scaling issues associated with field-based approaches.
"Yield gap profiles, based on multiple years of satellite data, provide a useful measure of how persistent yield-controlling factors are through time," writes Lobell in his review. "Although the cost or availability of satellite data with sufficient spatial resolution to discriminate agricultural fields was an obstacle in the past, this barrier is rapidly diminishing."
Improved algorithms to pre-process remote sensing data and estimate yields, and the increased availability of new, large geospatial datasets on soils, management, and weather should also benefit future efforts in this area.
"Improved knowledge of yield gaps will play a critical role in meeting future crop demands at affordable prices and with minimal environmental impacts," concludes Lobell. "The use of satellite data can accelerate the pace of discovery, and as such it represents an important area for future work."
All papers in this special issue can be accessed free of charge.