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Visiting Scholar at APARC, 2024-2025
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You Jung Lee joins the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC) as visiting scholar for the 2024-2025 academic year. She is a journalist for the Korea Economic Daily, having spent over 10 years covering areas including international affairs and, most recently, construction and the real estate market. While at APARC, she will be conducting research examining Korea's housing and real estate market, its policies and financial structure, and comparing Korea's system to that of the U.S.

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Noa Ronkin
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As nations grapple with an increasingly competitive global talent landscape, a new study, published in the journal World Development, suggests that countries should rethink their approach to developing, attracting, and retaining talent. To address the need for a more complete understanding of cross-national variation in talent development strategy, the study proposes Talent Portfolio Theory (TPT), a novel approach to studying and improving human resource development.

The researchers, Stanford sociologist Gi-Wook Shin, the William J. Perry Professor of Contemporary Korea and the director of APARC and the Korea Program, and Haley Gordon, a PhD candidate at Stanford’s Department of Sociology, draw on the principles of Modern Portfolio Theory, a well-established framework in financial investment literature, to propose a new framework for talent development.

The new framework, TPT, views a nation’s talent strategy much like an investment portfolio, emphasizing the importance of diversification, risk management, and rebalancing. Shin and Grodon examine Japan and Singapore as case studies to illustrate how the TPT approach can help scholars, policymakers, and businesses better understand and optimize talent development strategies.

The study is part of the Talent Flows and Development research track of the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab (SNAPL). Housed at APARC and directed by Shin, SNAPL is a new initiative committed to addressing emergent social, cultural, economic, and political challenges in Asia-Pacific nations through interdisciplinary, policy-relevant, and comparative research.

Talent Portfolio Theory enables a holistic understanding of a nation’s talent development. TPT also allows us to see the evolution of talent development strategy in terms of rebalancing a talent portfolio over time.
Gi-Wook Shin and Haley Gordon

A Fresh Perspective on Talent Development

Talent development has long been a priority for nations aiming to boost economic growth and compete globally. Traditionally, countries have focused on building human capital — developing skills and education among citizens — and social capital — strengthening networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation and innovation. Existing strategies, however, often overlook the interconnected nature of various talent flows, including the movement of domestic talent, international talent, and diaspora engagement.

Just like financial theory evaluates a given investment (and its risk and return qualities) by how it impacts a portfolio’s overall performance rather than in isolation, TPT treats talent as a portfolio composed of four key elements, known as the “four Bs”: brain train (domestic talent development), brain gain (attracting foreign talent), brain circulation (movement of talent between home and abroad), and brain linkage (engagement with diaspora communities).

“In the study of national talent development, it is imperative to consider both the human and social capital facets of talent, as a country has multiple layers of talent available for use – domestic, diasporic, and foreign – each with different human and social capital potentials,” write Shin and Gordon. They propose TPT as “a better framework for illustrating and comparing different experiences and impacts of talent development at the national level, which is also key in offering policy prescriptions for human resource strategies.”

Talent Portfolio Theory allows for a comparison between Singapore and Japan, [...] explaining how timely rebalancing to maintain diversification enabled the former to sustain success while the latter stagnated, succumbing to risk.
Gi-Wook Shin and Haley Gordon

Insights from Japan and Singapore

Using Japan and Singapore as case studies, the authors demonstrate how countries can apply TPT to manage their talent portfolios. Japan's economic growth relied on two tiers of human capital: top-level scientists and engineers who adapted and integrated foreign technologies for domestic use, and skilled workers who grasped the fundamentals of these adapted technologies and carried out the manufacturing processes. With limited prospects for brain gain, circulation, or linkage, Japan developed these two layers of its workforce by relying on brain train, cultivating domestic talent for its industrial development.

In the early 1990s, however, Japan’s economy ran into trouble. Its system of brain train was well-suited for driving incremental innovation, but it became restrictive in the rapidly evolving landscape of the early 21st century, which demanded more disruptive innovation. “The Japanese model of human resource development necessitated a robust supply of domestic manpower which now became increasingly difficult to sustain, and a shrinking working-age population also meant labor shortage and reduced productivity,” say Shin and Gordon. “In the language of TPT, Japan urgently needed to diversify its talent portfolio beyond its reliance on brain train to address new risks.”

Recognizing the risks of a skewed talent portfolio, Japan began to rebalance its talent portfolio in the 2010s but has struggled with demographic decline and a slow pivot toward international talent. Despite efforts to internationalize higher education and attract foreign talent, Japan’s diversification of its talent portfolio has been stagnant and was hard hit by the COVID-19 pandemic.

In contrast, Singapore’s approach showcases the benefits of a well-balanced talent portfolio. The city-state’s aggressive pursuit of foreign talent (brain gain) and robust engagement with its diaspora (brain linkage) have made it a leader in global talent strategy. Singapore’s government has continually adjusted its policies, actively rebalancing its talent portfolio to maintain a competitive edge.

Singapore started rebalancing its talent portfolio in the 1990s, not only enhancing its efforts toward brain train but also expanding brain gain by internationalizing higher education and actively promoting a “work-migration” path. In tandem with its brain gain initiatives, Singapore also turned to its diaspora, fostering brain circulation and establishing stronger brain linkages. Through concerted efforts by the government and industry, Singapore has successfully produced and attracted creative talent that allowed it to remain globally competitive.

“Talent Portfolio Theory enables a holistic understanding of the various components of Singapore’s talent strategy and its evolution over time, from the country’s focus on brain train during its catch-up phase to its rebalancing with a successful brain gain, in addition to more recent forays into brain circulation and brain linkage,” Shin and Gordon explain.

Countries must enact sociocultural policies that ensure global competitiveness in the new talent market by emphasizing openness, tolerance, and diversity in order to gain the best and brightest brains.
Gi-Wook Shin and Haley Gordon

Toward Fostering Cultural Diversity

TPT offers a powerful framework for crafting more resilient and adaptive talent strategies. As the global competition for skilled workers intensifies, understanding the dynamics of talent portfolios can help countries mitigate risks, capitalize on opportunities, and avoid the pitfalls of overly narrow approaches to human resource development. For instance, countries experiencing demographic decline, like Japan, can look to Singapore’s model of timely rebalancing as a guide for policy adjustment. Businesses also stand to benefit from TPT. The framework encourages companies to look beyond the availability of local talent and consider the broader talent ecosystem, including international talent flows and diaspora engagement.

Shin and Gordon emphasize that structural and sociocultural factors often limit policy options for building and rebalancing talent portfolios. Japan and Singapore illustrate that developed countries with abundant domestic opportunities are better positioned to retain talent and attract brain gain, whereas developing countries often experience talent outflows, favoring brain circulation or linkage (as seen in China and India). Additionally, while ethnically homogenous countries like Japan may prefer to rely on domestic and diasporic talent, multiethnic countries like Singapore can better attract foreign talent and engage in brain gain.

The contrasting experiences of Japan and Singapore underscore the critical importance of fostering cultural diversity to attract foreign talent. Singapore’s success with brain gain, compared to Japan’s more mixed outcomes, largely stems from its multicultural environment, shaped by policies that protect minority rights and actively promote respect for diverse ethnic groups. To remain competitive in the global talent market, countries must prioritize sociocultural policies that cultivate openness, tolerance, and diversity. By embracing these values, nations can attract the best and brightest minds, ensuring their place in a rapidly evolving global economy.

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Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab Receives Grants to Advance Policy Engagement and Research Collaboration

New grants to inform U.S. Asia policy and fuel cross-disciplinary research on Asia’s role in the global system of the 21st century.
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New Study Reveals Geopolitical Rivalries Shape Attitudes Toward Immigrants

Researchers including Stanford sociologist Kiyoteru Tsutsui, the deputy director of APARC and director of the Japan Program at APARC, find that geopolitical rivalries and alliances significantly shape citizen perceptions of immigrants.
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Stanford building with palm trees and architectural details on the foreground and text "Call for Applications: Fall 2025 Fellowships" and APARC logo.
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Stanford’s Asia-Pacific Research Center Invites Applications for Fall 2025 Asia Studies Fellowships

The Center offers multiple fellowships for Asia researchers to begin in Autumn quarter 2025. These include postdoctoral fellowships on Asia-focused health policy, contemporary Japan, and the Asia-Pacific region, postdoctoral fellowships and visiting scholar positions with the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab, a visiting scholar position on contemporary Taiwan, and fellowships for experts on Southeast Asia.
cover link Stanford’s Asia-Pacific Research Center Invites Applications for Fall 2025 Asia Studies Fellowships
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Stanford researchers Gi-Wook Shin and Haley Gordon propose a novel framework for cross-national understanding of human resource development and a roadmap for countries to improve their talent development strategies.

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REDS Seminar with Egor Lazarev

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Egor Lazarev is an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science at Yale. His research focuses on law and state-building in the former Soviet Union. His first book, State-Building as Lawfare: Custom, Sharia, and State Law in Postwar Chechnya, was published by Cambridge University Press in 2023. The book explores the use of state and non-state legal systems by both politicians and ordinary people in postwar Chechnya. Egor’s other research has been published in World Politics, World Development, and Political Science Research & Methods. Currently, he conducts field research on legal reforms in the post-communist world. 

Virtual to Public. Only those with an active Stanford ID with access to the William J. Perry Conference Room in Encina Hall may attend in person.



REDS: RETHINKING EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY


The REDS Seminar Series aims to deepen the research agenda on the new challenges facing Europe, especially on its eastern flank, and to build intellectual and institutional bridges across Stanford University, fostering interdisciplinary approaches to current global challenges.

REDS is organized by The Europe Center and the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law, and co-sponsored by the Hoover Institution and the Center for Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies.

Learn more about REDS and view past seminars here.

 

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Kathryn Stoner
Kathryn Stoner

Virtual to Public. Only those with an active Stanford ID with access to the William J. Perry Conference Room in Encina Hall may attend in person.

Egor Lazarev
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CDDRL seminar with Julieta Casas - Parties, Patronage, and the State: New Paths to Bureaucratic Reform

Patronage — the selection of government officials at the discretion of a political actor — is ubiquitous among democracies. Yet, some countries managed to curb it over time while others failed. Under what circumstances do democratic governments reduce patronage and establish professional bureaucracies? The paper argues that the success of bureaucratic reform is rooted in the type of patronage regime. Although all countries had some form of patronage, substantial differences in their firing practices can significantly impact the reform’s outcome by creating opportunities for the emergence of political entrepreneurs interested in bureaucratic reform or precluding such opportunities. Drawing on state-building scholarship in comparative politics and political development in American politics, I introduce a theoretical framework that accounts for successful and failed bureaucratic reform attempts. I apply the theory to the U.S. and Argentina, providing original archival evidence. The article elucidates the longstanding puzzle of bureaucracy professionalization in democratic contexts, generating new insights for contemporary debates on state-building.

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Julieta Casas is the Einstein-Moos Postdoctoral Fellow in Rule of Law at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) at Stanford University. Her research lies at the intersection of comparative political development and political economy with a substantive focus on the state bureaucracy, political parties, and democracy. Her projects address fundamental questions regarding the causes and effects of state capacity, concentrating geographically on Latin America and the U.S. Her research includes retrieving and digitizing original archival materials to produce new datasets.

Virtual to Public. Only those with an active Stanford ID with access to Encina E008 in Encina Hall may attend in person.

Hesham Sallam
Hesham Sallam

Virtual to Public. Only those with an active Stanford ID with access to E008 in Encina Hall may attend in person.

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Einstein Moos Postdoctoral Fellow, 2024-25
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Julieta Casas is the Einstein Moos Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford University. She is a scholar of comparative political development, using original historical data to study state-building and democratization in Latin America and the United States.

Her research agenda examines how countries achieve effective democratic governance in competitive settings. In her book project, she traces the origins of bureaucratic reform to different types of patronage and identifies the conditions under which countries can significantly reduce the politicization of the bureaucracy. This research draws from an in-depth case study of the United States and Argentina in the nineteenth century and from the study of broad patterns in bureaucratic reform across the Americas. She will receive her Ph.D. in Political Science from the Department of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University in the Summer of 2024.

Other projects explore the first surveys of bureaucrats in the United States, assess the possibility of situating American exceptionalism in comparative perspective, and analyze how personnel management institutions affect policy outcomes. 

Julieta Casas
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Highlights 

  • Talent Portfolio Theory is a new framework for studying human resource development.
  • Talent portfolios use brain train, brain gain, brain circulation, and brain linkage.
  • National talent strategies involve portfolio diversification and rebalancing.
  • Talent Portfolio Theory allows cross-national comparison of talent strategy over time.
  •  While Japan stagnated, Singapore sustained growth by rebalancing its talent portfolio.


In this article, the researchers propose Talent Portfolio Theory (TPT) as a new framework for studying human resource development. Drawing insights from Modern Portfolio Theory in financial investment, TPT views a nation’s talent development as creating a “talent portfolio” composed of four “B”s: brain train, brain gain, brain circulation, and brain linkage. TPT attends to how a talent portfolio, like a financial one, is diversified to minimize risk, and how diversification can be maintained via rebalancing. As such, TPT provides a framework that captures the overall picture of a country’s talent strategy and offers a lens through which to understand how a country changes or “rebalances” its talent portfolio over time. It also provides a tool for examining cross-national variation in talent development strategy.

The authors illustrate the utility of TPT with the cases of Japan and Singapore. While human resource development was crucial to the economic rise of both countries, TPT demonstrates that Japan’s and Singapore’s approaches to constructing and rebalancing their talent portfolios took different routes with diverging outcomes. They conclude with discussions of theoretical and policy implications of this new approach for the study and implementation of talent development.

This study is part of the Talent Flows and Development research track of the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab.

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Insights from Financial Theory, Illustrations from the Asia-Pacific

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World Development
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Gi-Wook Shin
Haley Gordon
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Janka Deli and Maria Curiel, 2023 King Center Postdoc Conference

Join the King Center on Global Development and the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) for the 2024 Global Development Postdoctoral Fellows Conference.

The conference will feature talks from nine new fellows on wide-ranging global development topics, including infectious disease, water scarcity, racial attitudes, and more. Please see the online agenda for the full schedule, speakers, and session information.

Breakfast, lunch, and afternoon snacks will be provided. The conference is open to Stanford faculty, researchers, and graduate students.

Gunn Building (SIEPR), Koret-Taube Conference Center
366 Galvez Street, Stanford, CA 94305 (map)

Open to Stanford faculty, researchers, and graduate students.

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Noa Ronkin
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The Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC) is pleased to invite applications for a host of fellowships in contemporary Asia studies to begin in Autumn quarter 2025.

The Center offers postdoctoral fellowships that promote multidisciplinary research on Asia-focused health policy, contemporary Japan, and contemporary Asia broadly defined, postdoctoral fellowships and visiting scholar positions with the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab, and a fellowship for experts on Southeast Asia. Learn more about each opportunity and its eligibility and specific application requirements:

Asia Health Policy Program Postdoctoral Fellowship

Hosted by the Asia Health Policy Program at APARC, the fellowship is awarded to one recent PhD undertaking original research on contemporary health or healthcare policy of high relevance to countries in the Asia-Pacific region, especially developing countries. Appointments are for one year beginning in Autumn quarter 2025. The application deadline is December 1, 2024.

Japan Program Postdoctoral Fellowship

Hosted by the Japan Program at APARC, the fellowship supports research on contemporary Japan in a broad range of disciplines including political science, economics, sociology, law, policy studies, and international relations. Appointments are for one year beginning in Autumn quarter 2025. The application deadline is December 1, 2024.  

Shorenstein Postdoctoral Fellowship on Contemporary Asia

APARC offers two postdoctoral fellowship positions to junior scholars for research and writing on contemporary Asia. The primary research areas focus on political, economic, or social change in the Asia-Pacific region (including Northeast, Southeast, and South Asia), or international relations and international political economy in the region. Appointments are for one year beginning in Autumn quarter 2025. The application deadline is December 1, 2024. 
 

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(Clockwise from top left) Michael McFaul, Oriana Skylar Mastro, Gi-Wook Shin, Kiyoteru Tsutsui
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Stanford Experts Assess the Future of the Liberal International Order in the Indo-Pacific Amid the Rise of Autocracy, Sharp Power

At the Nikkei Forum, Freeman Spogli Institute scholars Oriana Skylar Mastro, Michael McFaul, Gi-Wook Shin, and Kiyoteru Tsutsui considered the impacts of the war in Ukraine, strategies of deterrence in Taiwan, and the growing tension between liberal democracy and authoritarian populism.
cover link Stanford Experts Assess the Future of the Liberal International Order in the Indo-Pacific Amid the Rise of Autocracy, Sharp Power
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The Center offers multiple fellowships for Asia researchers to begin in Autumn quarter 2025. These include postdoctoral fellowships on Asia-focused health policy, contemporary Japan, and the Asia-Pacific region, postdoctoral fellowships and visiting scholar positions with the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab, a visiting scholar position on contemporary Taiwan, and fellowships for experts on Southeast Asia.

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Rachel Owens is currently majoring in Data Science and Social Systems, with a focus on Democracy and Governance. She is interested in how we as people choose to set up our societies and governance systems, and how — for the social problems that inevitably arise — the utilization of an interdisciplinary approach can more effectively solve these issues. Outside of academics, rock climbing, mountaineering, and photographic endeavors consume much of her time. 

Research Assistant, Fisher Family Summer Fellows Program, Summer 2024
CDDRL Undergraduate Communications Assistant, 2023-24
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Nora Sulots
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Each year, the Fisher Family Summer Fellows on Democracy and Development Program hosted by the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford University brings together an annual cohort of approximately 30 mid-career practitioners from countries in political transition who are working to advance democratic practices and enact economic and legal reform to promote human development. Launched by CDDRL in 2005, the program was previously known as the Draper Hills Summer Fellows Program. The program was renamed in 2023 in recognition of a gift from the Fisher family — Sakurako (Sako), ‘82, and William (Bill), MBA ‘84 — that endowed the program and secured its future.

CDDRL looks forward to convening another powerful network of leaders determined to advance change in their communities.


The Fisher Family Summer Fellows Class of 2024 is a diverse cohort of 26 experienced practitioners from 21 countries who are working to advance democratic practices and economic and legal reform in contexts where freedom, human development, and good governance are fragile or at risk.

Included in this year’s class are three Ukrainian fellows who are jointly participating in CDDRL’s Strengthening Ukrainian Democracy and Development Program (SU-DD). These fellows began meeting regularly online with CDDRL faculty in early June to identify and define the scope of their individual projects, each of which focuses on actionable ways to support Ukraine’s recovery from Russia’s invasion. By including our SU-DD scholars in the Fisher Family Summer Fellows Program, we seek to create connections, synergies, and a deeper understanding of shared development problems and solutions from a variety of country contexts. Participating in this program will also expand the network for our Ukrainian fellows to draw upon as they continue their work and implement their projects when they leave Stanford.

The 27 Fisher Family Summer Fellows will arrive on campus on July 20 to begin their three-week training program. Delivered by an interdisciplinary team of Stanford faculty, the program allows emerging and established global leaders to explore new institutional models and frameworks to enhance their ability to promote good governance and accountable politics and find new ways to achieve economic development in their home countries.

Meet the Fellows

Armenia | Azerbaijan | Bangladesh | Brazil | Cameroon | Ecuador | Ethiopia | Georgia | India | Kenya | Mongolia | Nicaragua | Nigeria | North Macedonia | Philippines | Republic of Moldova | South Africa | Tunisia | Ukraine | Venezuela | Vietnam


 

ARMENIA
 

Vardan Partamyan

Vardan Partamyan has a diverse background in project management and democracy work. As a Senior Program Manager at NDI Armenia, Vardan oversees all political party-related programs, coordinates public opinion research, and fosters opportunities for Armenia’s youth and women. Prior to NDI Armenia, Vardan served as the Head of Projects at the Armenia Fund, where he led the coordination of projects, communication, and negotiations with donors. He holds a Master's Degree in English Language and Psychology. Committed to continuous learning, Vardan has participated in numerous professional development events. In an alternate reality, Vardan is an author of science fiction and satirical novels.



AZERBAIJAN
 

Ziya Guliyev

Ziya Guliyev is a human rights lawyer and the founder of the Law Society of Azerbaijan, an independent think tank committed to advancing human rights in the country. With a master's degree in international human rights law from the University of Essex, he possesses extensive expertise in the field. Previously, he served on the boards of organizations such as the CIVICUS Alliance and the Eastern Partnership Civil Society Forum. A member of the European Society of International Law since 2023, his research focuses on human rights and transitional justice. Notably, he has spoken at Global Summits of the Open Government Partnership since 2016, which have been held in Tbilisi, Ottawa, and Tallinn.



BANGLADESH
 

Md. Showkat Hossain

Mr. Md. Showkat Hossain is a Serving judge in Bangladesh with 15 years of trial experience in civil and criminal courts. Currently, he is an Additional District Judge, the second most senior post in Bangladesh's hierarchy of trial court judges. Despite a declining democracy in Bangladesh, he has been trying to ensure that citizens of his territorial jurisdiction are not subjected to any arbitrary persecution. After his LL. B and LL.M from Bangladesh, he received the UK government’s Chevening scholarship and studied Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Edinburgh, UK. He is an adjunct faculty of the Police Staff College, Bangladesh, and the Independent University of Bangladesh.



BRAZIL
 

Flávia Pellegrino

Flávia Pellegrino is the executive director of Pacto pela Democracia, a coalition that coordinates the efforts of social actors across the ideological spectrum to strengthen civil society’s capacity to defend and strengthen democracy in Brazil. Over the past decade Flávia has built and coordinated networks within Brazilian civil society dedicated to defending democracy and human rights. Flávia holds a degree in journalism and a master's degree in Political Science. Prior to her work in civil society organizations, Flávia worked as a journalist in Brazil and France, coordinated projects in the education sector, and taught politics at a popular prep school in São Paulo.



CAMEROON
 

Kahbila Mbuton

Kahbila Mbuton is a Lawyer and Human Rights Officer at the West Africa Regional Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR-WARO), where she works on a human rights-based approach to migration. Born and raised in Bamenda, Cameroon, Kahbila holds an MSt. International Human Rights Law (University of Oxford) and an LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa (University of Pretoria). She served in human rights roles at OHCHR Uganda and the African Union Mission in Somalia. Kahbila is a 2018 Mandela Washington Fellow. Passionate about human rights and democracy (equality/non-discrimination and rule of law/accountability), she aspires to contribute towards human rights-based responses that sustainably address development challenges.



ECUADOR
 

Patricio Lloret

Patricio Lloret, a seasoned public administration leader, has held key roles such as Undersecretary General of Anti-Corruption Public Policy and Undersecretary of Open Government. Specializing in governance innovation and stakeholder engagement, he globally influences as an advisory board member for the Open Data Charter. A Project Management Professional (PMP) with a Master's from University College London and an MBA from INCAE Business School, he's also a fellow of Georgetown University's Innovation & Leadership in Government Program. Passionate about inclusive governance, he champions democracy and development locally and globally.



ETHIOPIA
 

Girma Admasu

Mr. Girma Admasu, a dedicated professional with a Bachelor's Degree in Sociology and Social Anthropology from Addis Ababa University, is the visionary behind "Positive Action for Development." Through innovative strategies, the organization has addressed critical issues like democracy, human rights, and governance, impacting communities with over 120 successful projects. Mr. Girma's academic journey includes a Master's Degree in Rural Development and ongoing Ph.D. studies in Rural Capacity Development and Development Leadership. With over 15 years of experience in development, human rights, and advocacy, he excels in leadership, project management, and social accountability.



GEORGIA
 

Khatia Dekanoidze

Khatia Dekanoidze has been a member of the Parliament of Georgia since 2020, representing the democratic Opposition of Georgia and advocating for the country's European aspirations. Born in Tbilisi, Georgia, she graduated from State University with a degree in International Law and Relations. Dekanoidze served as the Minister of Education of Georgia in 2012 and as the Chief of the National Police of Ukraine from 2015 to 2016. Between 2004 and 2012, she held various positions in the Georgian reformer government, contributing significantly to the reforms of the Georgian Police and Public Sector. As the Chief of Police in Ukraine, she had the honor of launching a massive police reform and creating modern police forces.



INDIA
 

Hamsa Vijayaraghavan

Hamsa Vijayaraghavan completed her law degree from Symbiosis Law School and her Masters from the University of Rouen, France, on an Erasmus Mundus scholarship. She is a 2023 Chevening Gurukul Fellow and a 2024 Salzburg Global Fellow. She has previously worked in the UK, with the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR) field office in India, the Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India, and UNICEF. She is currently the Chief Operating Officer at Migration and Asylum Project, India’s first and only center for the study of forced migration, where her work is centered around advocating for a cohesive movement towards safe migration in the region.



KENYA
 

Gikui W. Gichuhi

Gikui W. Gichuhi, an Assistant Director Of Public Prosecutions in Kenya, holds a Master's in Animal Law from Lewis and Clark College, USA, and a Master's in International Business Law from the University of Hull, UK. She has expertise in homicide-related prosecutions and environmental law and is committed to justice, victim support, and environmental advocacy. She has been recognized for her contributions to policy development on alternative dispute resolution, children, the criminal justice system, and wildlife trafficking. Gighuhi has spoken at several conferences, including Interpol World 2019 and the Africa Prosecutors Association Conference 2023.
 

Sam Murunga

Sam Murunga is the editorial lead for Africa at BBC Monitoring, overseeing a team of 30 experts who provide essential insights into geopolitics, security, and the media. Murunga has a professional interest in how global power competition shapes African diplomacy and national politics and has extensively researched and highlighted the evolution of disinformation in Africa and the malign actors behind it. He is a student of leadership, a change champion, an editor, a writer, a strategist, and a sustainability advocate with a wealth of experience in African media and geopolitics. Murunga strives to contribute to positive change anchored by the mutual values of democracy, good governance, and sustainable development.



MONGOLIA
 

Dagvyn Enkhtsetseg

Dagvyn Enkhtsetseg is a program manager at Open Society Forum Mongolia, a policy-oriented NGO. She is a governance expert with almost two decades of experience focusing on policy reforms related to democracy building, mainly specializing in electoral and political party regulations. Ms. Enkhtsetseg is a regular speaker at domestic and international conferences on political financing in Mongolia and contributes policy advice to the government of Mongolia on laws and policies on democratic processes. She also serves as the coordinator for the Fair Elections network, a coalition of election monitoring groups that routinely monitors elections in Mongolia and participates in regional efforts.



NICARAGUA
 

Felix Maradiaga

Mr. Felix Maradiaga is a Nicaraguan human rights advocate widely recognized as one of his country’s leading voices for democracy. He founded the Fundación Para la Libertad, an organization focused on developing democratic education and research programs that the Ortega regime declared illegal in 2022. In 2018, during widespread protests against the Ortega regime, he survived two assassination attempts and faced numerous criminal charges and smear campaigns. In 2021, after announcing plans for a presidential campaign, he was arrested and sentenced to 13 years in prison. In February 2023, he and 221 other political prisoners were stripped of their citizenship by the Nicaraguan government and expelled to the United States.



NIGERIA
 

Dabesaki Mac-Ikemenjima

Dabesaki Mac-Ikemenjima is a Senior Program Officer at the Ford Foundation. He leads programming to advance inclusive societies, with an emphasis on youth and disability inclusion, gender, and protecting the civic space. For two decades, Dabesaki's work has involved approaches centered on minority voices and the design of bespoke initiatives. He led the establishment of the Nigeria Youth Futures Fund, a donor collaborative to support youth civic engagement in Nigeria. In response to threats to democracy in West Africa, he is leading the design of a regional democracy fund. He was also recently project lead for Ford's polarization initiative covering Asia, the U.S., Africa, and Latin America.
 

Obiamaka Nwachi

Obiamaka Nwachi is a Chief Magistrate with the Enugu State Judiciary of Nigeria and has over a decade of experience in justice dispensation and dispute resolution. She has judiciously presided over countless cases ranging from civil disputes to criminal matters. Her analytical and legal drafting skills have been pivotal to the excellent execution of her judicial duties. She is notable for her impartiality and integrity in pursuing positive change. Her empathy towards victims of injustice remains her greatest inspiration for upholding equality, fairness, and the rule of law. Outside the courtroom, Obiamaka volunteers for causes focused on women's empowerment and engages in her personal development.



NORTH MACEDONIA

 

Biljana Spasovska

Biljana Spasovska, Executive Director of the Balkan Civil Society Development Network (BCSDN), brings over a decade of expertise in promoting civil society and democratic values in her region and beyond. With a Master's in Interdisciplinary Eastern European Studies from the University of Bologna and currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Globalization and Democracy, Biljana leads BCSDN's efforts to amplify civil society's role in policy and boost civic engagement for a more democratic Balkans. She co-chairs the global CSO Partnership for Development Effectiveness, is a member of the Global Standard for CSO Accountability, and is an honorary member of the European Economic and Social Committee.



PHILIPPINES
 

Kristina Conti

Kristina Conti is a people’s lawyer in the Philippines. She is currently the secretary general of the National Union of Peoples’ Lawyers chapter in the National Capital Region. She has 10 years of experience as a litigator and 20 years as an activist, working in grassroots organizations. Core to her work is combatting impunity through strategic human rights litigation. She is registered as assistant to counsel at the International Criminal Court in anticipation of trial on the Philippines’ “war on drugs.” Through cases and advocacy, she has been grounded in situations of political persecution, law enforcement and prison reform, peace processes, and international humanitarian law.



REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
 

Victor Spinu

Victor Spinu is a dedicated Member of Parliament in Moldova, serving on the Committee on Economy, Budget, and Finance. He plays an important role in shaping economic policies and driving the nation’s digital transformation. His work focuses on enhancing transparency and efficiency within government operations through digital solutions. Victor is committed to advancing Moldova’s integration into the European Union, promoting sustainable development, and improving governance through innovative and inclusive policymaking. In his leisure time, he enjoys gardening, taking long walks, and other activities that provide him with a sense of peace and a deep connection to Moldova's natural beauty.



SOUTH AFRICA
 

Lawrence Khoza

Lawrence Khoza has been an anti-apartheid activist and leading participant in South Africa's democratic formation. He has held senior positions in public and private sectors, including at PwC, in local and national government, and in South Africa's Parliament. He has served as a Member of the Mayoral Committee (MMC: Regional Cabinet Minister) for Development Planning and Economic Development in the City of Johannesburg, Africa’s most commercially developed City. Lawrence holds a Masters Degree in Public Policy from Oxford University. He is a Fellow of the Salzburg Global Seminar. He writes for national publications and enjoys listening to jazz and classical music.



TUNISIA
 

Saida Ounissi

Saida Ounissi is a professional with almost a decade of experience in government, public policies, and political leadership. As a former Minister of Employment and Vocational Training in the Tunisian government, she led comprehensive reforms and shaped national strategies. Her expertise spans social policies, education, economic policies, and entrepreneurship programs. She is currently a public policies consultant with a focus on democratic transitions and social and economic reforms. She has received numerous awards, including the 2015 Democracy Award of the Year from the National Democratic Initiative, the 2018 Politician of the Year from One Young World, and the 2019 Top 100 Future Leaders from Apolitical.



UKRAINE
 

Iaroslav Liubchenko

Iaroslav Liubchenko* is a seasoned expert with over a decade of experience spearheading impactful projects. At the National Agency on Corruption Prevention, he is responsible for establishing integrity within the security, defense, and public authorities while adhering to best practices and international standards set by the OECD, EU, and NATO. His responsibilities include developing frameworks for whistleblowers, promoting transparency, and safeguarding individuals who expose wrongdoing. Additionally, he conducts anti-corruption assessments and mitigates corruption risks. He serves as the National Coordinator for Ukraine's collaboration with NATO in the field of integrity building.
 

Serhii Orlov

Serhii Orlov* is a seasoned Digital Transformation Executive with over a decade of experience in government technologies and various industries. As Deputy Minister of Justice of Ukraine, he led significant digital reforms, including digitizing over 30 justice services over the past three years. His notable contributions include automating the registration processes for private entrepreneurs and LLCs, with seven out of ten private entrepreneurs in Ukraine now utilizing this online service. Additionally, Mr. Orlov has coordinated the integration with the Register of Damage for Ukraine to help citizens who suffered from the war. He also leads the development of a system to forecast reoffending risks.
 

Svitlana Yarova

Svitlana Yarova* has been a member of the Vinnytsia city council for the past nine years, serving the last four as the head of the Budget and Social-Economic Development Committee. Prior to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, she led projects to create an innovative technology park called "Crystal" and managed industrial parks in Vinnytsia. Before that, she established an innovative and inclusive youth center named "Kvadrat" by renovating an old building. Over the past year, Yarova has been working on developing the system architecture for managing grants and international technical support in the municipality to systematize processes and enhance transparency.
 

Olena Yena

Olena Yena has dedicated twenty years of her career to working with parties, CSOs, and government, helping them be more responsive to citizens' needs. She currently oversees political parties, parliamentary, and gender-focused programs at NDI Ukraine. Her programs aim to strengthen parties, promote gender equality, enhance women's political participation, and combat gender stereotypes and discrimination. From 2005 to 2010, Olena managed NDI’s Executive Development Program, which exposed a wide range of Ukrainian civil servants to best practices of public administration and policy-making in EU member states. Before joining the NDI team, she worked in both the public and private sectors.

* This Fellow is jointly participating in CDDRL’s Strengthening Ukrainian Democracy and Development Program.



VENEZUELA
 

Héctor Fuentes

Héctor Andrés Fuentes, born in Cagua, Venezuela, in 1990, is a lawyer, human rights advocate, and agent of social change in Venezuela, dedicated to bottom-up national transformation. He serves as the executive director of EstadoLab, a think-and-do tank focused on state fragility and the reconstruction of democratic governance. Fuentes obtained his law degree from Universidad Central de Venezuela in 2013, and he holds a Master's degree in Public Policy from Oxford University (2018) and a Master's degree in Global Affairs from Schwarzman College, Tsinghua University (2020). He has been both a Chevening Scholar and a Schwarzman Scholar.



VIETNAM
 

Thao Dinh

Thao Dinh, a pro-democracy leader and PhD student in Political Science, has been at the forefront of advocating for democratic reforms in Vietnam for nine years. A medical graduate, she later earned a Master's in Public Policy from the University of Fulbright Vietnam, amplifying her impact in promoting open civic space. Thao collaborates with global organizations to expose human rights violations and leads initiatives promoting the democratization process in Vietnam. Her journey as a mother inspires her commitment to creating inclusive, equitable environments. Looking forward, she aims to drive significant democratic transitions that empower future generations.

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In July 2024, the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law will welcome a diverse cohort of 26 experienced practitioners from 21 countries who are working to advance democratic practices and economic and legal reform in contexts where freedom, human development, and good governance are fragile or at risk.

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Kelly Reiling Picture.JPG

Kelly Reiling is a project manager at the Rural Education Action Program (REAP) at Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions (SCCEI). Kelly graduated from Colgate University in 2022 with a B.A. in International Relations and Chinese Language. Following graduation, she lived in Taitung, Taiwan on a Fulbright Fellowship, where she taught English and coached soccer to elementary school students. Her experiences at Colgate and in Taiwan instilled in her a deep interest in cross-cultural collaboration, early education, and Chinese language, which led her to join REAP in the summer of 2024. Kelly works on a variety of subjects at SCCEI, including early childhood development research and health, education, and public policy projects.

Project Manager, Rural Education Action Program
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