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All research in progress seminars are off-the-record. Any information about methodology and/or results are embargoed until publication.

 

Abstract:

Recent Medicare legislation has been directed at improving patient care quality and cutting costs by stopping reimbursement of healthcare-associated conditions (HACs). However, recent evidence suggests that the policy has not been effective in reducing HACs. We study national trends of two particular HACs, central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). We find sharp differences in HAC reporting rates for hospitals in states that had strong regulations on adverse event reporting prior to the Medicare legislation. In particular, our results suggest that hospitals in states without prior regulations may be engaging in "upcoding", a practice where hospitals report HACs as being present-on-admission, resulting in greater reimbursement. Our findings have important implications for future legislation: we hypothesize that the upcoming HAC Reduction Program starting in 2015 may also not be effective at reducing HACs, and may unfairly punish more truthful hospitals if proper incentives for discouraging upcoding are not implemented.

Based on joint work with Hamsa Bastani, Joel Goh, and Stefanos Zenios

 

CHP/PCOR Conference Room
117 Encina Commons, Room 119
Stanford, CA 94305

Mohsen Bayati Assistant Professor of Operations, Information and Technology in the Graduate School of Business and, by courtesy, of Electrical Engineering Speaker
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All research in progress seminars are off-the-record. Any information about methodology and/or results are embargoed until publication.

Abstract:

Current guidelines for economic evaluations of health interventions (cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analyses) define relevant outcomes as those accruing to individuals receiving interventions. Little consensus exists on how to count health impacts of interventions that affect current and future fertility and childbearing. We sought to characterize current practices for counting such health outcomes. To do so, we developed a framework characterizing health interventions with direct and/or indirect effects on fertility and childbearing. We identified interventions that span the framework and performed a targeted literature review for economic evaluations of these interventions. For each article, we characterized how the potential health outcomes from each intervention were considered, focusing on QALYs associated with fertility and childbearing. This review of 108 economic evaluations led to striking insights about choices analysts make in the absence of clear guidance about how to include such QALYs. We will discuss these insights and their implications as well as the rationales on which they are based. In brief, economic evaluations inconsistently consider QALYs from current pregnancies and future fertility in ways that frequently appear biased. Given this, we believe that further guidance should be given by bodies like the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine to help to standardize practice and reporting in this important area.

CHP/PCOR Conference Room
117 Encina Commons, Room 119
Stanford, CA 94305

Encina Commons, Room 220
615 Crothers Way
Stanford, CA 94305-6006

(650) 721-2486 (650) 723-1919
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Professor, Health Policy
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Jeremy Goldhaber-Fiebert, PhD, is a Professor of Health Policy, a Core Faculty Member at the Center for Health Policy and the Department of Health Policy, and a Faculty Affiliate of the Stanford Center on Longevity and Stanford Center for International Development. His research focuses on complex policy decisions surrounding the prevention and management of increasingly common, chronic diseases and the life course impact of exposure to their risk factors. In the context of both developing and developed countries including the US, India, China, and South Africa, he has examined chronic conditions including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, human papillomavirus and cervical cancer, tuberculosis, and hepatitis C and on risk factors including smoking, physical activity, obesity, malnutrition, and other diseases themselves. He combines simulation modeling methods and cost-effectiveness analyses with econometric approaches and behavioral economic studies to address these issues. Dr. Goldhaber-Fiebert graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College in 1997, with an A.B. in the History and Literature of America. After working as a software engineer and consultant, he conducted a year-long public health research program in Costa Rica with his wife in 2001. Winner of the Lee B. Lusted Prize for Outstanding Student Research from the Society for Medical Decision Making in 2006 and in 2008, he completed his PhD in Health Policy concentrating in Decision Science at Harvard University in 2008. He was elected as a Trustee of the Society for Medical Decision Making in 2011.

Past and current research topics:

  1. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: Randomized and observational studies in Costa Rica examining the impact of community-based lifestyle interventions and the relationship of gender, risk factors, and care utilization.
  2. Cervical cancer: Model-based cost-effectiveness analyses and costing methods studies that examine policy issues relating to cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus vaccination in countries including the United States, Brazil, India, Kenya, Peru, South Africa, Tanzania, and Thailand.
  3. Measles, haemophilus influenzae type b, and other childhood infectious diseases: Longitudinal regression analyses of country-level data from middle and upper income countries that examine the link between vaccination, sustained reductions in mortality, and evidence of herd immunity.
  4. Patient adherence: Studies in both developing and developed countries of the costs and effectiveness of measures to increase successful adherence. Adherence to cervical cancer screening as well as to disease management programs targeting depression and obesity is examined from both a decision-analytic and a behavioral economics perspective.
  5. Simulation modeling methods: Research examining model calibration and validation, the appropriate representation of uncertainty in projected outcomes, the use of models to examine plausible counterfactuals at the biological and epidemiological level, and the reflection of population and spatial heterogeneity.
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All research in progress seminars are off-the-record. Any information about methodology and/or results are embargoed until publication.

Abstract:

One of the important benefits of an electronic medical record is the potential to provide targeted decision support and reminders for care. In addition to improving care these reminders serve a secondary purpose of documenting care that is now required for public reporting or pay for performance programs. Thus, there is pressure to add an ever increasing number of reminders with unclear consequences. I will review past studies using computerised reminders and present several randomized trials conducted or planned at the Palo Alto VA and Stanford hospitals. The goals of these reminders include increasing life-prolonging heart failure medications and device use, reducing inappropriate cardiac imaging, and rapid treatment for sepsis. Clinical reminders can be considered quality improvement and I will discuss the potential for conducting methodologically rigorous randomized reminder trials that are not "research".

CHP/PCOR Conference Room
117 Encina Commons, Room 119
Stanford, CA 94305

Speaker
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All research in progress seminars are off-the-record. Any information about methodology and/or results are embargoed until publication.

"Who Enrolls in Medicare Advantage? Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study"

CHP/PCOR Conference Room
117 Encina Commons, Room 119
Stanford, CA 94305

Kate Bundorf Speaker
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All research in progress seminars are off-the-record. Any information about methodology and/or results are embargoed until publication.

CHP/PCOR Conference Room

Encina Commons Room 210,
615 Crothers Way,
Stanford, CA 94305-6006

(650) 723-1919
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Professor, Pediatrics
Professor, Health Policy
Professor, Epidemiology & Population Health (by courtesy)
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Dr. Lee Sanders is a general pediatrician and Professor of Pediatrics at the Stanford University School of Medicine, where he is Chief of the Division of General Pediatrics. He holds a joint appointment in the Center for Health Policy in the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, where he is a co-director of the Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention (CPOP).

An author of numerous peer-reviewed articles addressing child health disparities, Dr. Sanders is a nationally recognized scholar in the fields of health literacy and child chronic-illness care.  Dr. Sanders was named a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Generalist Physician Faculty Scholar for his leadership on the role of maternal health literacy and English-language proficiency in addressing child health disparities.  Aiming to make the US health system more navigable for the one in 4 families with limited health literacy, he has served as an advisor to the Institute of Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Academic Pediatric Association, and the American Cancer Society.  Dr. Sanders leads a multi-disciplinary CPOP research team that provides analytic guidance to national and state policies affecting children with complex chronic illness – with a focus on the special health-system requirements that arise from the unique epidemiology, care-use patterns, and health-care costs for this population.  He leads another CPOP/PCOR-based research team that applies family-centered approaches to new technologies that aim to improve care coordination for children with medical complexity.    Dr. Sanders is also principal investigator on two NIH-funded studies that address health literacy in the pediatric context: one aims to assess the efficacy of a low-literacy, early-childhood intervention designed to prevent early childhood obesity; the other aims to provide the FDA with guidance on improved labeling of pediatric liquid medication.  Research settings for this work include state and regional health departments, primary-care and subspecialty-care clinics, community-health centers, WIC offices, federally subsidized child-care centers, and family advocacy centers.

Dr. Sanders received a BA in History and Science from Harvard University, an MD from Stanford University, and a MPH from the University of California, Berkeley.  Between 2006 and 2011, Dr. Sanders served as Medical Director of Children’s Medical Services South Florida, a Florida state agency that coordinates care for more than 10,000 low-income children with special health care needs.  He was also Medical Director for Reach Out and Read Florida, a pediatric-clinic-based program that provides books and early-literacy promotion to more than 200,000 underserved children.  At the University of Miami, Dr. Sanders directed the Jay Weiss Center for Social Medicine and Health Equity, which fosters a scholarly community committed to addressing global health inequities through community-based participatory research.  At Stanford University, Dr. Sanders served as co-medical director of the Family Advocacy Program, which provides free legal assistance to help address social determinants of child health.

Fluent in Spanish, Dr. Sanders is co-director of the Complex Primary Care Clinic at Stanford Children’s Health, which provides multi-disciplinary team care for children with complex chronic conditions.  Dr. Sanders is also the father of two daughters, aged 11 and 14 years, who make sure he practices talking less and listening more.

Co-Director, Center for Policy, Outcomes & Prevention (CPOP)
Chief, Division of General Pediatrics, School of Medicine
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Lee Sanders Speaker

VA Palo Alto Health Care System Medical Service (111) 3801 Miranda Avenue Palo Alto, CA 94304;

Encina Commons, 615 Crothers Way Room 210, Stanford, CA 94305-6006

(650) 493-5000,,1,,1,62105
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Professor, Health Policy (active emerita)
Professor, Medicine (by courtesy)
mary_goldstein_profile.jpg MD, MS

 

Mary K. Goldstein is a Professor of Health Policy (active emerita) and a core faculty member at the Department of Health Policy and the Center for Health Policy, and the Director of the Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System. She directs the Primary Care Policy and Practice Advancement program at PCOR, the Stanford/VA Palo Alto Geriatric Medicine Fellowship Program, and the Special Fellowship Program in Advanced Geriatrics at VA Palo Alto. She also serves as associate director for the Physician Post-Residency Fellowship Program in Health Services Research and Development, and for the Postdoctoral Fellowship in Medical Informatics, both at VA Palo Alto Health Care System.

Goldstein studies innovative methods of implementing evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for quality improvement. She leads the ATHENA Decision Support System project that has developed and implemented an automated clinical decision support system for primary care clinicians, using hypertension as a model, and now extended into several other clinical domains.  Goldstein's research also explores older adults' health preferences (health utility) for application to cost-effectiveness analysis.

Goldstein is a fellow of the American Geriatrics Society, and an emerita of the Society's board of directors. Goldstein has received a number of honors and awards including an Advanced Career Development award from the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) program.  She received a BA in philosophy and an MD, both from Columbia University, and completed her residency in family medicine at Duke University Medical Center. At the Stanford School of Medicine she completed an AHRQ-funded fellowship and an MS in health services research.

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Mary Goldstein Speaker
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Massimiliano Onorato will present new evidence  about the relationship between military conflict and city population growth in Europe from the fall of Charlemagne's empire to the start of the Industrial Revolution. Military conflict was a main feature of European history. He and his co-author Mark Dincecco (University of Michigan) argue that cities were safe harbors from conflict threats.  To test this argument, they constructed a novel database that geocodes the locations of 1,091 conflicts and 676 cities between 800 and 1799.  They found a significant, positive, and robust relationship that runs from conflict exposure to city population growth.  Their analysis suggests that military conflict played a key role in the rise of urban Europe.

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Massimiliano G. Onorato

 

Massimiliano G. Onorato is an Assistant Professor in Economics and Institutional Change at IMT Lucca, Italy. He was awarded a Ph.D. in Economics in 2010 at Bocconi University in Milan. Prior to his appointment at IMT Lucca, he was a Post Doctoral Associate at the Leitner Program in International and Comparative Political Economy at Yale University. His research interests include Political Economy, Comparative Politics and Economic History.

 

Co-sponsored by Comparative Politics.

Military Conflict and the Rise of Urban Europe
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Massimiliano Onorato Assistant Professor of Economics and Institutional Change Speaker Institute for Advanced Studies, Lucca
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Voters often punish incumbent parties for poor economic performance; whether they treat left and right governments differently is less clear.  The literature hosts multiple disconnected and often contradictory theories of partisan accountability. We leverage both observational and survey experiment data to establish an empirical regularity: voters, on average, punish left-of-center incumbents more severely for economic downturns than their counterparts on the right.  A luxury-goods model of voting best explains this regularity.  When times get tough, voters prioritize social spending for basic economic security over spending on socially desirable but less necessary "luxury goods" policies (e.g., environmental protection).  Parties associated with luxury goods policies, mostly left parties, are shunned in downturns.  Thus, many incumbent parties of the left face double jeopardy:  voters punish all incumbents for a weak economy; they punish many left incumbents additionally for their policies.

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Mark Kayser teaches applied quantitative methods and comparative politics at the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin. His research primarily focuses on elections and political economy.  Current major projects focus on cross-national comparisons in the formation of economic perceptions and voting decisions, media reporting of the economy, and the effect of electoral competitiveness on incumbent behavior. Before coming to the Hertie School of Governance, he served as an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Rochester and as a postdoctoral Prize Research Fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford. He is the co-author of a book on the effect of electoral systems on regulation and price levels (Cambridge University Press, 2011) and the author or co-author of articles in the American Political Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, British Journal of Political Science and other leading journals.

Mark Kayser Professor of Applied Methods & Comparative Politics Speaker Hertie School of Governance, Berlin
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THE INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION INITIATIVE (IEI) Presents:

Karthik Muralidharan, Associate Professor of Economics at UCSD

“The Aggregate Effect of School Choice: Evidence from a two-stage experiment in India”

WHEN: Tuesday, October 21, 2014, 3:30 PM – 5:00 PM

WHERE: Encina Hall (2nd floor), Central Conference Room

Refreshments will be served.

Open to the public

About the Speaker: Karthik Muralidharan is an associate professor of economics at the University of California, San Diego where he joined the faculty as an assistant professor in 2008. Born and raised in India, he is a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), an Affiliate at the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD), a Member of the Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) network, an Affiliate at the Center for Effective Global Action (CEGA), and a Research Affiliate with Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA). Prof. Muralidharan's primary research interests include development, public, and labor economics.

Sponsored by:

Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford Graduate School of Education, Rural Education Action Program, Center for Education Policy Analysis

Contact: Natalie Johnson nsydneyj@stanford.edu

Seminars
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Abstract:

By design, policing in China is a centralized affair in which local bureaus are ultimately held accountable to the Ministry of Public Security in Beijing. In reality, policing practices vary dramatically across region and issue area, even within provinces. This fragmentation is deeply entrenched in the bureaucracy, creating enforcement problems that vex upper level officials and aggravate public dissatisfaction while simultaneously opening up opportunities for lower level innovation. Drawing from over 100 interviews with 51 police officers at the central, provincial, and local levels, I examine fragmentation of the police bureaucracy by parsing out observable patterns of control over the local level and analyzing the ways in which the central government's exercise of power both helps and hinders policing on the ground.

 

Speaker Bio:

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Suzanne is a pre-doctoral fellow at CDDRL and a PhD candidate in political science at the University of California, Berkeley. A scholar of reform era China, her research is driven by interests in ground-level governance and authoritarian power structures. Her dissertation, "Policing China: Struggles of Law, Order, and Organization for Ground-Level Officers," maps the everyday challenges faced by local officers and their supervising authorities. Exploring the tensions between central government planning and the officers who enforce law on the ground provides insight into China's political reform and local state stability. Her work has appeared in PS: Political Science and Politics and China Quarterly (forthcoming).

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Speaker Bio: 

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Beatriz Magaloni is an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and a Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) at Stanford University. She is also an affiliated faculty member of the Woods Institute of the Environment (2011-2013), a Faculty Fellow at the Stanford Center for International Development, and became an affiliated faculty member at CISAC in 2014.

Her first book, Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and its Demise in Mexico (Cambridge University Press, 2006), won the Best Book Award from the Comparative Democratization Section of the American Political Science Association and the 2007 Leon Epstein Award for the Best Book published in the previous two years in the area of political parties and organizations. Her second book, Strategies of Vote Buying: Democracy, Clientelism, and Poverty Relief in Mexico (co-authored with Alberto Diaz Cayeros and Federico Estévez), studies the politics of poverty relief. Why clientelism is such a prevalent form of electoral exchange, how it distorts policies aimed at aiding the poor, and when it can be superseded by more democratic and accountable forms of electoral exchange are some of the central questions that the book addresses.

In 2010 she founded the Program on Poverty and Governance (POVGOV) within FSI's Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law. There she pursues a research agenda focused on governance, poverty reduction, electoral clientelism, the provision of public goods and criminal violence. Most of the work at POVGOV is conducted in a team lab-based approach with undergraduate and graduate student trainees and post-doctoral fellows, and most work is jointly published. The projects use a multi-method approach combining observational data, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), surveys, experimental designs, and in-depth ethnographic work.

Her work has appeared in the American Journal of Political Science, World Development, Comparative Political Studies, Annual Review of Political Science, Latin American Research Review, Journal of Theoretical Politics and other journals.

Prior to joining Stanford in 2001, Professor Magaloni was a visiting professor at UCLA and a professor of Political Science at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM). She earned a Ph.D. in Political Science from Duke University. She also holds a law degree from ITAM.

Dept. of Political Science
Encina Hall, Room 436
Stanford University,
Stanford, CA

(650) 724-5949
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Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
Graham H. Stuart Professor of International Relations
Professor of Political Science
beatriz_magaloni_2024.jpg MA, PhD

Beatriz Magaloni Magaloni is the Graham Stuart Professor of International Relations at the Department of Political Science. Magaloni is also a Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute, where she holds affiliations with the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) and the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC). She is also a Stanford’s King Center for Global Development faculty affiliate. Magaloni has taught at Stanford University for over two decades.

She leads the Poverty, Violence, and Governance Lab (Povgov). Founded by Magaloni in 2010, Povgov is one of Stanford University’s leading impact-driven knowledge production laboratories in the social sciences. Under her leadership, Povgov has innovated and advanced a host of cutting-edge research agendas to reduce violence and poverty and promote peace, security, and human rights.

Magaloni’s work has contributed to the study of authoritarian politics, poverty alleviation, indigenous governance, and, more recently, violence, crime, security institutions, and human rights. Her first book, Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and its Demise in Mexico (Cambridge University Press, 2006) is widely recognized as a seminal study in the field of comparative politics. It received the 2007 Leon Epstein Award for the Best Book published in the previous two years in the area of political parties and organizations, as well as the Best Book Award from the American Political Science Association’s Comparative Democratization Section. Her second book The Politics of Poverty Relief: Strategies of Vote Buying and Social Policies in Mexico (with Alberto Diaz-Cayeros and Federico Estevez) (Cambridge University Press, 2016) explores how politics shapes poverty alleviation.

Magaloni’s work was published in leading journals, including the American Political Science Review, American Journal of Political Science, Criminology & Public Policy, World Development, Comparative Political Studies, Annual Review of Political Science, Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing, Latin American Research Review, and others.

Magaloni received wide international acclaim for identifying innovative solutions for salient societal problems through impact-driven research. In 2023, she was named winner of the world-renowned Stockholm Prize in Criminology, considered an equivalent of the Nobel Prize in the field of criminology. The award recognized her extensive research on crime, policing, and human rights in Mexico and Brazil. Magaloni’s research production in this area was also recognized by the American Political Science Association, which named her recipient of the 2021 Heinz I. Eulau Award for the best article published in the American Political Science Review, the leading journal in the discipline.

She received her Ph.D. in political science from Duke University and holds a law degree from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México.

Director, Poverty, Violence, and Governance Lab
Co-director, Democracy Action Lab
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