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Insider threats to American national security pose a potent and growing danger. In the past five years, trusted US military and intelligence insiders have been responsible for the Wikileaks publication of thousands of classified reports, the worst intelligence breach in National Security Agency history, the deaths of a dozen Navy civilians and contractors at the Washington Navy Yard, and two attacks at Fort Hood that together killed sixteen people and injured more than fifty.

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Applications are now open for the Virtual East Asia Seminar for High School Teachers, a free professional development opportunity for California high school teachers who wish to enhance their teaching of East Asia. Offered by the Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education (SPICE) and the National Consortium for Teaching about Asia (NCTA), this seminar will select 20 teachers to participate in four virtual sessions from March to May 2025.

The application form is now live at https://forms.gle/zCYyEaBFjyf4kAot5. The deadline to apply is February 28, 2025.

High school teachers in California are welcome to apply. Selected teachers will strengthen their content knowledge of East Asia by learning from experts in a series of private virtual seminars via Zoom on the following Tuesdays, 4:00 to 6:00pm Pacific Time: March 25, April 8, April 22, and May 6. Throughout the program, participants will explore and examine various aspects of East Asia, U.S.–Asia relations, and the Asian diaspora in the United States.

Participants will receive extensive teaching resources and an opportunity to discuss content and pedagogy in the classroom to help support their teaching of East Asia. Teachers who attend the four Zoom sessions, complete pre-assigned readings, and participate in group discussions will receive a $300 professional stipend and be eligible to receive three units of credit from Stanford Continuing Studies.

“We are excited to launch our virtual seminar on East Asia for high school teachers again in 2025,” said Naomi Funahashi, Manager of Teacher Professional Development at SPICE. “This initiative will provide an engaging platform featuring expert lectures, interactive discussions, and valuable curricular resources. Our goal is to equip educators with the tools and resources to explore the complex histories, societies, and cultures of East Asia and the diversity of the Asian American experience. Together, we hope to explore new insights and strategies that will enhance student learning and foster global awareness, while creating a vibrant community of teachers who are excited to learn and share fresh perspectives and innovative teaching strategies with one another.”

For more information about the Virtual SPICE/NCTA East Asia Seminar for High School Teachers, visit the program webpage. To apply, submit the online application by February 28, 2025.

To be notified of other professional development opportunities, join SPICE’s email list and follow SPICE on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

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2024 SPICE/NCTA Summer Institute Engages Educators in East Asian and Asian American Studies

Middle school teachers participate in summer institute on East Asia.
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Free virtual seminar for high school teachers in California offers insights and expertise on East Asia and the Asian American experience.

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The Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC) is delighted to share that Stanford Sociologist Gi-Wook Shin, the William J. Perry Professor of Contemporary Korea, director of APARC, and founding director of the Korea Program at APARC, is the recipient of the Korean American Achievement Award for his contributions to promoting Korean Studies, strengthening U.S.-Korea relations, and fostering transnational collaboration. The award was presented at the 122nd anniversary celebration of Korean American Day in San Francisco on January 11, 2025.

The Korean American Achievement Award recognizes individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the Korean American community’s academic, cultural, and civic development. Shin, a historical-comparative and political sociologist who is also a senior fellow at the Freeman Spoglli Institute for International Studies, has dedicated himself to addressing Korea’s contemporary challenges and bridging the United States and Korea. His work combines rigorous research with actionable policy insights, focusing on democracy, nationalism, societal development in Korea, migration, and international relations. He is also a sought-after media commentator on Korean affairs and U.S.-Korea ties.

Shin is the author and editor of 25 books and numerous articles. His most recent book is Korean Democracy in Crisis: The Threat of Illiberalism, Populism, and Polarization (Shorenstein APARC, 2022). Stanford University Press will publish his next book, The Four Talent Giants: National Strategies for Human Resource Development Across Japan, Australia, China, and India, in July 2025.

Under Shin’s leadership as its founding director, the Korea Program has become a renowned Stanford hub for interdisciplinary research and dialogue on contemporary Korea. The program celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2022, marking two decades of promoting education and exchange on Korea’s political, economic, and social evolution. Beyond academia, the program is a platform for fostering the next generation of leaders dedicated to advancing Korea’s future and strengthening Korea-U.S. ties.

Shin also spearheads the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab (SNAPL), an initiative committed to addressing emergent social, cultural, economic, and political challenges in Asia through interdisciplinary, policy-relevant, and comparative studies and publications.

The Korean American Day commemorates the arrival of the first Korean immigrants in the United States on January 13, 1903. The 122nd anniversary of Korean American Day was co-hosted by the Consulate General of the Republic of Korea in San Francisco, the San Francisco & Bay Area Korea Center, and Korean organizations in Northern California. The event was held at the San Francisco & Bay Area Korea Center.

Congratulations to Professor Shin on this well-deserved honor! It is a testament to his leadership and contributions that enrich the Korea Program and APARC’s mission to deepen the understanding of Asia and strengthen U.S.-Asia relations.

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Korea’s Bumpy Road Toward Democracy

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Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab Engages Washington Stakeholders with Policy-Relevant Research on US-China Relations and Regional Issues in Asia

Lab members recently shared data-driven insights into U.S.-China tensions, public attitudes toward China, and racial dynamics in Asia, urging policy and academic communities in Washington, D.C. to rethink the Cold War analogy applied to China and views of race and racism in Asian nations.
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Dafna Zur Awarded South Korea’s Order of Culture Merit

The award, the highest recognition bestowed by the government of the Republic of Korea, honors Zur for her contributions to promoting the Korean writing system, Hangeul.
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The award recognizes Shin’s contributions to advancing Korean studies and strengthening U.S.-Korea relations through scholarship and bridge-building.

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15Jan2025 "Developments in China and Japan-China-U.S. Relations" Webinar event graphic featuring headshot photos of Akio Takahara, Thomas Fingar, and Kiyoteru Tsutsui

 

How stable is politics in today's China? Many observers inside and outside the country were stunned by the sudden dismissal in December of Miao Hua, the head of the powerful political work department of the PLA and a member of the Central Military Commission. Takahara will discuss the state of Chinese politics and look into what we can expect of China's response to the 2nd Trump Administration.

This webinar event is co-hosted by the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center Japan Program and the Consulate General of Japan in San Francisco

 

Speaker:

square headshot photo of Akio Takahara

Akio Takahara is Distinguished Visiting Professor at the Tokyo Woman’s Christian University and former Professor of Contemporary Chinese Politics at the Graduate School of Law and Politics at The University of Tokyo. From April to July 2024, he is also serving as Senior Fellow of the Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS). He received his DPhil in 1988 from Sussex University, and later spent several years as Visiting Scholar at the Consulate-General of Japan in Hong Kong, the Japanese Embassy in Beijing, Harvard University, Peking University, the Mercator Institute for China Studies, and the Australian National University. Before joining The University of Tokyo, he taught at J. F. Oberlin University and Rikkyo University. He served as President of the Japan Association for Asian Studies, and as Secretary General of the New Japan-China Friendship 21st Century Committee. Akio was Dean of the Graduate School of Public Policy at The University of Tokyo from 2018 to 2020, and Director of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Ogata Sadako Research Institute for Peace and Development from 2020 to 2023. He currently serves as Senior Adjunct Fellow of the Japan Institute of International Affairs, Distinguished Research Fellow of the Japan Forum on International Relations, Senior Research Adviser of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Ogata Sadako Research Institute for Peace and Development, and Trustee of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation. His publications in English include The Politics of Wage Policy in Post-Revolutionary China, (Macmillan, 1992), Japan-China Relations in the Modern Era, (co-authored, Routledge, 2017), and “How do smaller countries in the Indo-Pacific region proactively interact with China? An introduction”, Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies, DOI: 10.1080/24761028.2024.2309439, 26 January 2024.

 

Discussant:

Thomas Fingar

Thomas Fingar is a Shorenstein APARC Fellow in the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. He was the inaugural Oksenberg-Rohlen Distinguished Fellow from 2010 through 2015 and the Payne Distinguished Lecturer at Stanford in 2009.

From 2005 through 2008, he served as the first deputy director of national intelligence for analysis and, concurrently, as chairman of the National Intelligence Council. Fingar served previously as assistant secretary of the State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research (2000-01 and 2004-05), principal deputy assistant secretary (2001-03), deputy assistant secretary for analysis (1994-2000), director of the Office of Analysis for East Asia and the Pacific (1989-94), and chief of the China Division (1986-89). Between 1975 and 1986 he held a number of positions at Stanford University, including senior research associate in the Center for International Security and Arms Control.

Moderator:

Square portrait photo of Kiyoteru Tsutsui

Kiyoteru Tsutsui is the Henri H. and Tomoye Takahashi Professor and Senior Fellow in Japanese Studies at Shorenstein APARC, the Director of the Japan Program and Deputy Director at APARC, a senior fellow of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, and Professor of Sociology, all at Stanford University. Tsutsui received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Kyoto University and earned an additional master’s degree and Ph.D. from Stanford’s sociology department in 2002. Tsutsui’s research interests lie in political/comparative sociology, social movements, globalization, human rights, and Japanese society. His most recent publication, Human Rights and the State: The Power of Ideas and the Realities of International Politics (Iwanami Shinsho, 2022), was awarded the 2022 Ishibashi Tanzan Award and the 44th Suntory Prize for Arts and Sciences.

 

 

Kiyoteru Tsutsui

Online via Zoom Webinar

Akio Takahara Distinguished and Visiting Professor Main Speaker Tokyo Woman's Christian University

Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
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Thomas Fingar is a Shorenstein APARC Fellow in the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. He was the inaugural Oksenberg-Rohlen Distinguished Fellow from 2010 through 2015 and the Payne Distinguished Lecturer at Stanford in 2009.

From 2005 through 2008, he served as the first deputy director of national intelligence for analysis and, concurrently, as chairman of the National Intelligence Council. Fingar served previously as assistant secretary of the State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research (2000-01 and 2004-05), principal deputy assistant secretary (2001-03), deputy assistant secretary for analysis (1994-2000), director of the Office of Analysis for East Asia and the Pacific (1989-94), and chief of the China Division (1986-89). Between 1975 and 1986 he held a number of positions at Stanford University, including senior research associate in the Center for International Security and Arms Control.

Fingar is a graduate of Cornell University (A.B. in Government and History, 1968), and Stanford University (M.A., 1969 and Ph.D., 1977 both in political science). His most recent books are From Mandate to Blueprint: Lessons from Intelligence Reform (Stanford University Press, 2021), Reducing Uncertainty: Intelligence Analysis and National Security (Stanford University Press, 2011), The New Great Game: China and South and Central Asia in the Era of Reform, editor (Stanford University Press, 2016), Uneasy Partnerships: China and Japan, the Koreas, and Russia in the Era of Reform (Stanford, 2017), and Fateful Decisions: Choices that will Shape China’s Future, co-edited with Jean Oi (Stanford, 2020). His most recent article is, "The Role of Intelligence in Countering Illicit Nuclear-Related Procurement,” in Matthew Bunn, Martin B. Malin, William C. Potter, and Leonard S Spector, eds., Preventing Black Market Trade in Nuclear Technology (Cambridge, 2018)."

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I first learned about Sayama City, located in Saitama Prefecture, through its Sayama-cha—one of the three most famous teas in Japan. A thoughtful gift from an owner of a manufacturing company in Sayama City introduced me to this delightful tea, which quickly became a regular part of my daily life. Sayama’s vibrant tea culture, enriched by its lush plantations and lively festivals, reflects the city’s deep pride in this heritage. Never did I imagine that, a few years later, I would be working with a high school in this remarkable city.

In the spring of 2024, SPICE launched the Stanford e-Bunri course in partnership with Seibu Gakuen Bunri Junior and Senior High School (Seibu Bunri) in Sayama City. Under the leadership of the newly appointed principal, Dr. Pedro Marques, Seibu Bunri is dedicated to nurturing young Japanese leaders to be ready to thrive on the global stage. Principal Marques envisions the school as more than just a place for academic excellence; he sees it as a dynamic environment where students actively engage in their learning and tackle complex challenges. I was thrilled to contribute to this vision by bringing SPICE’s educational philosophy to Seibu Bunri by underscoring the importance of diverse perspectives, critical thinking, and innovation. Principal Marques commented:

In today’s rapidly changing world, education must go beyond the classroom and traditional academic boundaries. It is essential to provide students with real-world experiences that connect them deeply to the communities they live in and serve, while fostering their understanding and bonding with international communities. Partnerships like the one we have established with Stanford University’s SPICE program are critical to achieving this vision. They not only expose our students to global perspectives but also challenge them to apply their learning in meaningful ways that can make a difference locally and globally.

Modern education needs to equip students with the tools to navigate complexities and to build bridges between cultures, ideas, and communities. By integrating diverse topics such as diversity, women’s rights, and entrepreneurship into our curriculum, we aim to nurture empathetic leaders who are grounded in their heritage yet inspired to innovate and collaborate on a global scale.

This partnership is not just a program; it is a cornerstone of our mission to redefine education at Seibu Bunri. Through such initiatives, we are building a resilient community of learners and leaders who are prepared to face the challenges of tomorrow with confidence and a strong sense of purpose.


In September, we successfully concluded our inaugural Stanford e-Bunri course. Building on discussions with the school staff to address critical challenges in shaping a more inclusive, equitable, and innovative future in Japan, Stanford e-Bunri focused on three key topics: diversity, women’s rights, and entrepreneurship. Over the course of four months, 30 students participated in the virtual classrooms, completed reading and writing assignments, engaged in online discussions, and delivered group presentations on these topics.

Diversity

During our diversity-focused lessons, students were treated to lectures from Dr. Gary Mukai and Dr. Ignacio Ornelaz Rodriguez from Stanford University, focusing on diversity in the United States. Dr. Mukai explored the history of Japanese American experiences during World War II, while Dr. Ornelas shed light on the lives of Mexican workers through an overview of the Bracero Program. These topics, which represent significant yet often overlooked aspects of American history, provided students with valuable perspectives not typically covered in Japanese curricula.

The word “empathy” deepened my understanding of diversity. Both lecturers mentioned that empathy is really important in this diverse society; I felt that empathy will be the key point to building good relationships with people with different cultures and backgrounds.
—Rina Nishimori


In the last session of the diversity module, students considered the lessons learned about diversity in the United States and applied them to the issues in a Japanese context. They conducted research and delivered group presentations on various aspects of diversity, including race, gender, LGBTQ+ rights, socioeconomic status, disability, and age-related issues. These presentations offered valuable insights into the complex and multifaceted challenges surrounding diversity in Japanese society, encouraging students to recognize that diversity is not just a global concept but also deeply significant and relevant within Japan.

Women’s Rights

During the lessons on women’s rights, students learned from Dr. Mariko Yang-Yoshihara from Stanford University, who discussed the current state of STEAM education and her initiative to empower girls with STEAM education in Japan. Another lecture was given by Ms. Yukiko Kimura, former Founder and CEO at Genic Lab Inc. and Senior Product Manager at Amazon Web Services, who shared her personal journey as a female entrepreneur in Japan, including the challenges she faced and the resilience required to overcome them. Both sessions offered students a deeper understanding of the systemic and cultural barriers women encounter, while inspiring students to think critically about ways to foster equity.

Ms. Kimura’s quote made a lasting impression on me: “It is important to become the person you want to be, not the person others want you to be.” I will try to be who I want to be from now on, because limiting myself by other people’s expectations may change my life.—Seiji Yamakawa


In the final session of the women’s rights module, students researched gender-related issues and challenges in Japan and proposed solutions in group presentations. This exercise encouraged students to reflect on how they, too, could contribute to fostering greater gender equality in their own communities and beyond.

Entrepreneurship

The entrepreneurship module featured engaging and inspiring lectures from Mr. Kenji Niwa, Co-founder and CEO at Firstcard Inc., and Ms. Min Zhu, Co-founder and CTO at EnChannel Medical, both of whom shared their personal journeys and deep insights into the entrepreneurial mindset. Through their stories and expertise, the students gained a deeper understanding of the mindset needed to overcome challenges and failures, embrace innovation, and cultivate resilience—qualities that are essential not only for entrepreneurial success but also for thriving in any endeavor.

The lectures showcased inspiring stories of people who overcame obstacles to achieve their goals, highlighting the importance of resilience and continuous learning. I also realized that success is deeply personal, shaped by individual values rather than societal expectations. —Sora Ikeda


To conclude the entrepreneurship module and the entire course, students identified pressing social issues in Japan and proposed innovative solutions in a business pitch format. Their presentations received feedback from guest observer Mr. Christopher Chang, Strategic Advisor at Beenext Capital Management, providing students with valuable insights into real-world problem-solving. This interactive session not only encouraged creativity and critical thinking but also provided students with a glimpse into the practicalities of turning ideas into actionable solutions.

My experience working with Seibu Bunri and the students of the Stanford e-Bunri course has been both inspiring and rewarding. Through thought-provoking lectures, discussions, and hands-on projects, the students not only expanded their understanding of critical global topics but also delved deeply into examining key issues within their own society. This process challenged them to reflect on how they can actively contribute to creating positive changes.

I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my collaborators at Seibu Bunri for their amazing support and partnership. They are Dr. Pedro Marques, Mr. Toshiyuki Shijima, Ms. Tamaki Komaeda, Mr. Hiroshi Inoo, Mr. Joshua Moon, Mr. Opaon Cleo, Mr. Toshikazu Ishizaka, and Ms. Kayo Imanaga. I would also like to thank our guest lecturers who generously dedicated their time and expertise to speak for the Stanford e-Bunri course. Their contributions played a crucial role in bringing the course content to life, offering students a unique perspective on the topics of diversity, women’s rights, and entrepreneurship. Last but not least, I’d like to congratulate the dedicated students who participated in the course.

In closing, I have learned that Sayama-cha—compared to other tea plants—is characterized by its thick leaves. This is because the region’s cold climate sometimes causes frost in winter, making plants sometimes unable to survive without thick leaves. I am excited to see how the students will apply the insights and skills learned from Stanford e-Bunri to become resilient leaders who can thrive on the global stage despite inevitable “weather changes” in their lives.

Stanford e-Bunri is one of SPICE’s local student programs in Japan.

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Mariko Yang-Yoshihara Empowers Girls in Japan with STEAM Education

SPICE’s Yang-Yoshihara aims to level the playing field and raise self-efficacy for all genders.
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Instructor Meiko Kotani reflects on Stanford e-Bunri, SPICE’s collaboration with Seibu Gakuen Bunri Junior and Senior High School in Sayama City, Saitama Prefecture.

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My grandparents, who were immigrants from Hiroshima, Japan, were migrant farm workers and sharecroppers in California from the early 20th century, and they lived in many towns in California. The only other state that they lived in was Arizona when they were incarcerated by the U.S. government from 1942 to the end of World War II in 1945 in what were once called “relocation centers” and now usually referred to in U.S. history textbooks as “internment camps” for people of Japanese descent primarily from the West Coast. My parents, who were born in California and thus U.S. citizens, were also incarcerated. Because Japanese immigrants and their descendants played such a vital role in agriculture in states like California, the incarceration of approximately 120,000 people of Japanese descent—along with the military draft—caused a severe labor shortage in agriculture. These were two of the key reasons for the establishment of the Bracero Program in 1942. SPICE Consultant Dr. Ignacio Ornelas Rodriguezwho teaches at Willow Glen High School, San Jose Unified School District, as well as at Stanford University, noted:

The Bracero Program was a series of laws that allowed the United States to recruit temporary guest workers (braceros, lit. “individuals who work with their arms”) from Mexico. As the United States entered World War II, its agriculture and railroad industries witnessed a shortage of laborers due to the U.S. military draft and the forced removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast of the United States. The United States and Mexico entered into legal agreements that would ultimately be known as the Bracero Program, which operated from 1942 to 1964. Braceros worked throughout the United States, but the largest concentration of braceros was employed in California. There were an estimated 4.5 million contracts signed by braceros over the 22-year period. Today a large proportion of the Mexican American population can trace its heritage to former braceros.

 

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As a child of farm laborers in the 1950s and 1960s, I worked side-by-side with braceros. My neighbors in San Jose were braceros. Braceros were either paid by the hour or compensated by the amount of crops that they harvested, known as piecework. The braceros’ punch cards usually had at least double the punches that mine had. As a child, I felt more Mexican than Japanese American. Thus, it was particularly meaningful for me to facilitate an event called “Legacies of the Bracero Program, 1942–1964,” during which nine former braceros were recognized by SPICE, FSI, and the Center for Latin American Studies (CLAS). The event took place at Stanford University on February 27, 2014; photo above courtesy Rod Searcey. The event was conceptualized by Ornelas and organized by Ornelas and SPICE Event Coordinator Sabrina Ishimatsu. Featured speakers were former FSI Director Professor Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar, former CLAS Director Professor Rodolfo Dirzo (the son of a bracero), and Ornelas. The year, 2014, marked the 50th anniversary since the end of the Bracero Program.

Ornelas has spent the last 14 years conducting research and memorializing braceros. In addition to the event described above, he has conducted numerous public history events with colleagues and was instrumental in the naming a 17-mile stretch of U.S. Highway 101 as the Bracero Memorial Highway and Monterey County’s recognition of braceros. The naming of the Bracero Memorial Highway—and more recently the installation of a cross—are memorials to a tragic accident in Chualar, Monterey County, that killed 32 braceros on September 17, 1963. On June 2, 2020, Ornelas spoke about the history of the Bracero Program and shared reflections on “Visualizing the Essential: Mexicans in the U.S. Agricultural Workforce” in a webinar attended by educators nationwide. Since December 31, 2024 marks the 60th anniversary of the end of the Bracero Program, I highly recommend the use of the recorded webinar in high school classrooms and colleges in the United States and Mexico. The webinar recording, along with a classroom-friendly discussion guide, can be accessed here. The webinar was co-sponsored with CLAS and facilitated by SPICE Instructional Designer Jonas Edman. Also, a talk by Ornelas in Monterey County last year inspired the development of a mural that was commissioned by Monterey County and will be featured in Chualar.

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My mother, who worked with braceros since shortly after her release from the incarceration camp in Arizona in 1945 until 1964, died this year. While clearing out her home, I decided to keep the comal—a flat griddle—that the braceros who lived next to me used to make tortillas. The braceros gave the comal to my mother before their return to Mexico, and my mother had saved it because she recalled—as I do, as well—the many times that the braceros made tortillas for me. More importantly, she had the highest respect for their work ethic. I used to walk regularly to the bracero home to enjoy tortillas; photo above circa 1957. As a 10-year-old in 1964, I remember the sadness that I felt when I said “adios” to my bracero co-workers and neighbors.

I think it’s important to recognize the critical contributions of the braceros not only to the U.S. economy—especially during World War II—but also to their continued contributions to the richness of U.S. history and society broadly through their descendants like Dr. Ignacio Ornelas Rodriguez.

To stay informed of SPICE news, join our email list and follow us on Facebook, X, and Instagram.

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December 31, 2024 marks the 60-year anniversary since Congress ended the Bracero Program.

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Donald Trump’s decisive victory in the 2024 U.S. presidential election has reignited debates about the United States' role in a world increasingly defined by geopolitical tensions, economic uncertainty, and democratic recession. The return of Trump to the White House will have profound implications for Asia. To assess the stakes for the region, APARC convened a panel of experts who weighed in on the potential risks and opportunities the second Trump administration’s policies may pose for Asian nations and how regional stakeholders look at their future with the United States. Another panel, organized by APARC’s China Program, focused on what’s ahead for U.S.-China relations.

High Stakes for the Asia-Pacific

APARC’s panel, The 2024 U.S. Presidential Elections: High Stakes for Asia, examined how the return of Trump’s political ideology and the macroeconomic effects of his foreign policy will affect Asia.

“We are witnessing the solidification of Trumpism as an influential political ideology,” stated APARC and Korea Program Director Gi-Wook Shin at the opening of the discussion, “one that has begun to transcend traditional  American conservatism. Trumpism — marked by a blend of economic nationalism, nativism, and a strongman approach to leadership —could have a huge impact not only in American society but also on the liberal global order.”

According to Shin, Trump’s policies, particularly his focus on unilateralism and economic self-interest, could significantly alter the political and economic dynamics of the Asia-Pacific region.

Political scientist Francis Fukuyama, the Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute, argued that Trump’s victory was no longer an anomaly but part of a larger trend of working-class voters shifting allegiance from the Democratic to the Republican Party. Fukuyama expressed concerns about Trump’s aggressive economic policies, including imposing broad tariffs on allies and adversaries alike, and warned that such policies could result in inflation, trade tensions, and long-term economic instability. In addition, he asserted that Trump’s reluctance to engage in foreign conflicts could undermine the United States’ commitments to security alliances, particularly in Asia.

APARC Deputy Director and Japan Program Director Kiyoteru Tsutsui emphasized the broader geopolitical implications of Trump’s policies, noting that Trump’s "America First" approach could further erode the international liberal order. He suggested that Japan would face significant challenges navigating the unpredictability of Trump’s foreign policies. According to Tsutsui, “There might be greater pressure to line up with the United States in dealing with China economically, which would  put a great deal of strain on the Japanese economy.” Such an alignment might also muddle Japan’s own diplomatic and security interests.

Gita Wirjawan, a visiting scholar with Stanford's Precourt Institute for Energy and former visiting scholar at APARC, focused on the stakes for Southeast Asia. Wirjawan argued that Trump’s economic policies, such as protectionism and prioritizing economic growth over democratic principles, could embolden right-wing populist movements in Southeast Asia. He suggested that parts of Southeast Asia could be a natural beneficiary of a reallocation of financial capital from the U.S. as companies diversify supply chains by establishing operations outside China in response to Trump’s planned tariffs. Yet, growing economic inequality in Southeast Asia, particularly in urban areas, could fuel the rise of similar nationalist policies, undermining efforts to promote inclusive, democratic development.

Shin highlighted the challenges South Korea might face under a second Trump presidency. Trump will likely demand higher defense payments from South Korea, potentially straining the U.S.-ROK alliance. This could put President Yoon in a tough spot, especially as trilateral U.S.-Japan-Korea cooperation has been progressing well but faces uncertainty. Economically, South Korean firms may struggle if U.S. policies like the Inflation Reduction Act and CHIPS Act are rolled back, as subsidies were crucial for their investments in the U.S. On North Korea, Shin noted that Trump may resume summit diplomacy with Kim Jong Un, leaving South Korea sidelined and potentially sparking an arms race in Northeast Asia. 

The panelists all emphasized that Asia, with its diverse political landscapes, would need to navigate a new era of economic nationalism and geopolitical unpredictability, with potential challenges to economic stability and democratic norms.

A Focus on U.S.-China Relations 

The second panel, "Crossroads of Power: U.S.-China Relations in a New Administration," focused specifically on the evolving dynamics of U.S.-China relations in the wake of the election. Moderated by APARC China Program Director Jean Oi, the discussion featured Shorenstein APARC Fellow Thomas Fingar, and Peking University's Yu Tiejun, the APARC's China Policy Fellow during all 2024. The panelists analyzed the potential trade, security, and diplomacy shifts between the two global superpowers, particularly in light of D.C.’s bipartisan consensus on China. 

Central to the discussion was the continuity of U.S. policy toward China under the first Trump administration and the Biden administration. Examples of this continuity included recent tariff increases on Chinese imports, a new U.S. Department of the Treasury program to screen U.S. outbound foreign investments in key sectors, and tighter export controls on critical technologies like quantum computing and advanced semiconductors. The panelists explored the economic and strategic ramifications, noting that these policies could disrupt existing trade patterns. 

Another area of concern was China’s uneven implementation of the 2020 Phase One  trade deal it negotiated with the U.S., in which China had committed to domestic reforms and $200 billion of additional U.S. imports. This failure could buttress the new administration’s plan to increase tariffs, complicating diplomatic efforts between Washington and Beijing. Fingar noted that while China has made efforts to diversify its supply chains, these changes might not be enough to shield it from the effects of U.S. economic policies, which could include escalating tariffs or additional restrictions on Chinese exports. 

The conversation also touched on broader geopolitical considerations, particularly concerning China’s role in the ongoing war in Ukraine. The panelists discussed the potential for cooperation or de-escalation in U.S.-China relations, with China’s positioning on the war serving as both a point of contention and a possible avenue for diplomatic engagement. 

Underscoring the deepening complexities in U.S.-China relations post-election, the panelists highlighted the uncertainty surrounding U.S. foreign policy under a second Trump administration, particularly regarding the role of people-to-people exchanges in fostering mutual understanding.

Both events emphasized the multifaceted consequences of Trump’s return to power for Asia and the global international order. While the discussions highlighted the challenges posed by the rise of economic nationalism, trade tensions, and shifting security priorities, they also pointed to potential areas of cooperation and the evolving dynamics of global diplomacy.


In the Media


From Center Fellow Oriana Skylar Mastro:

What a Second Trump Term Means for the World
OnPoint – WBUR, Nov 12 (interview)

Race to the White House: How the US Election Will Impact Foreign Policy
UBS Circle One, October 23 (interview)

From Visiting Scholar Michael Beeman:

On Korea-U.S. Economic Cooperation in the Era of Walking Out
Yonhap News, Nov 20 (featured)

Trump Looking for Trade 'Reset' with Most Countries: Ex-USTR Official
Nikkei, Nov 16 (interview)

How Southeast Asia Can Weather the Trump Trade Typhoon
The Economist, Nov 14 (quoted)

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Gi-Wook Shin, Evan Medeiros, and Xinru Ma in conversation at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
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Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab Engages Washington Stakeholders with Policy-Relevant Research on US-China Relations and Regional Issues in Asia

Lab members recently shared data-driven insights into U.S.-China tensions, public attitudes toward China, and racial dynamics in Asia, urging policy and academic communities in Washington, D.C. to rethink the Cold War analogy applied to China and views of race and racism in Asian nations.
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group of people standing on steps of Encina Hall at the 2024 Trans-Pacific Sustainability Dialogue
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Driving Climate-Resilient Infrastructure and Inclusive Industrialization: Highlights from the Third Annual Trans-Pacific Sustainability Dialogue

Held at Stanford and hosted by the Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, the third annual Dialogue convened global leaders, academics, industry experts, and emerging experts to share best practices for advancing Sustainable Development Goal 9 in support of economic growth and human well-being.
cover link Driving Climate-Resilient Infrastructure and Inclusive Industrialization: Highlights from the Third Annual Trans-Pacific Sustainability Dialogue
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APARC recently hosted two panels to consider what a second Trump presidency might mean for economic, security, and political dynamics across Asia and U.S. relations with Asian nations.

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Nestled along the coast of Kumamoto Prefecture in southern Japan, the city of Minamata is a remarkable place in many ways. This September, I had the privilege of visiting for the first time to celebrate the launch of the Stanford e-Minamata Program, which is made possible by the support of the Minamata Municipal Government. As my trip came to an end, one word echoed in my mind: resilience.

A brief search into Minamata’s history reveals a poignant chapter from the 1950s and 60s, when the city became synonymous with Minamata disease—a devastating neurological condition caused by mercury poisoning due to industrial wastewater pollution from a group called Chisso Corporation. Visiting the Minamata Disease Municipal Museum with Mr. Hiroki Hara, Director General of the General Affairs Planning Department at Minamata City Hall, and Mr. Minoru Koga, Director General of the Minamata Environmental Academia, I gained a deeper understanding of the community’s struggles. What struck me most, however, was how Minamata has reclaimed this painful history, transforming it into a source of strength and a commitment to protecting human and environmental well-being.

Today, Minamata is a leader in sustainability, recognized by the Japanese government as an “SDGs Future City” in 2020. The launch of the Stanford e-Minamata Program, a new SPICE initiative in collaboration with Minamata High School, marks a pivotal step forward in the city’s ongoing revitalization efforts. Rooted in Minamata’s values of sustainability and local innovation, the program focuses on three key themes: the environment, emerging technologies, and U.S.–Japan relations. These themes aim to equip the next generation of leaders with the tools they need to address critical global challenges. 

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A student from Minamata High School providing opening remarks; photo courtesy Minamata High School. 

At the opening ceremony, Minamata City Mayor Toshiharu Takaoka shared words of inspiration with the students:

This is a very remarkable collaboration between Minamata City, located in the small island nation of Japan, and Stanford University, located in the state of California in the United States. We hope this course will share the international outlook and the atmosphere of a top American university with high school students, and contribute to the development of the next generation of Minamata City’s human resources.


For me, launching this program in Minamata is particularly meaningful. As the child of parents from rural Louisiana and the second person in my family to travel outside the United States, I often sought opportunities to experience the world as a young person, but didn’t know where to start. A life-changing moment came at age 16 when I received a scholarship to live with a host family in Hiroshima for six weeks. Speaking no Japanese and having never flown alone, I truly embraced the unknown. That experience profoundly shaped my life, leading me to minor in Japanese during my university years, study abroad at Kansai Gaidai University, and later complete a Fulbright research grant in Okayama Prefecture focused on rural revitalization.

Working with the students of Minamata High School now feels like coming full circle. Their curiosity and determination to learn about the world remind me of my own journey. Providing rural students with opportunities to engage with global challenges is more critical than ever, and I am inspired by their potential to lead.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Mayor Takaoka, Mr. Hiroki Hara, Dr. Minoru Koga, Secretary General Kayo Fuchigami, Principal Yasunori Takaki, Vice Principal Fumiko Niibu, Planning Manager Saho Yagyu, and many others whose tireless efforts brought the Stanford e-Minamata Program to life. It is an incredible honor to support this initiative, and I look forward to seeing how it will continue to inspire and empower the next generation of Minamata leaders.

Stanford e-Minamata is one of SPICE’s local student programs in Japan.

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Top Students in SPICE’s 2023–2024 Regional Programs in Japan Are Recognized

Congratulations to the 2023–2024 student honorees from Fukuoka, Hiroshima, Kagoshima, Kawasaki, Kobe, Oita, Tottori, and Wakayama.
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SPICE instructor Natalie Montecino reflects on her recent visit to Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture.

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Shorenstein APARC's annual report for the academic year 2023-24 is now available.

Learn about the research, publications, and events produced by the Center and its programs over the last academic year. Read the feature sections, which look at the historic meeting at Stanford between the leaders of Korea and Japan and the launch of the Center's new Taiwan Program; learn about the research our faculty and postdoctoral fellows engaged in, including a study on China's integration of urban-rural health insurance and the policy work done by the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab (SNAPL); and catch up on the Center's policy work, education initiatives, publications, and policy outreach. Download your copy or read it online below.

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Gary Mukai
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FC Imabari is a soccer team in Imabari City, Ehime Prefecture. “FC” stands for “football club.” Takeshi Okada—a former soccer player and the former head coach of the Japan National Team who led the Japan men’s national soccer team to its first-ever World Cup appearance in 1998—is the owner of FC Imabari and Masafumi Yano is the Chief Operating Officer. During my first visit to Imabari City in March 2024, I was invited to watch an FC Imabari game and met with Okada, Yano, and others affiliated with FC Imabari. During the game and while strolling around Imabari City, I could sense the excitement that the team has brought to the city. FC Imabari High School, a private school in Imabari, was conceptualized by Okada and enrolled its inaugural classes this year. In a May 13, 2023 article, “Ehime: Ex Japan Soccer Coach Okada Tackles New Challenge in Field of Education,” in The Yomiuri Shimbun, he stated, “I want to foster autonomy and independence that survive an era that humanity has never experienced.” (Photo of Takeshi Okada below; courtesy FC Imabari.)

image of SPICE director Gary Mukai and Principle Takashi Okada at FC Imabari


With Okada’s educational priorities in mind, FC Imabari Advisor Yukari Hara took the initiative to discuss the possible development of Stanford e-FC Imabari to support the mission of FC Imabari High School. Stanford e-FC Imabari was launched in fall 2024 to help encourage students at FC Imabari High School and from three public schools in Imabari City to not only consider the importance of autonomy and independence but also their roles in the local community and the world at large. Stanford e-FC Imabari focuses on the three key themes of (1) diversity, equity, & inclusion (DEI); (2) entrepreneurship; and (3) community building. During conversations with FC Imabari High School teachers Nozomi Echigo (social studies) and Yoshikazu Nakashima (English), I came to highly value the importance that the FC Imabari teachers place upon engaging students through their multiple intelligences, including kinesthetic, artistic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligences as well as linguistic and quantitative intelligences. I have had the privilege of visiting many schools in Japan, and FC Imabari High School is the only high school that I have visited that was inspired by how lessons—like teamwork, collegiality, and cooperation—in team sports such as soccer are critical to the education of youth.

Stanford e-FC Imabari is taught by SPICE instructor Alison Keiko Harsch, who used to be an Assistant Language Teacher (ALT) on the Japan Exchange and Teaching (JET) Program in Kagawa Prefecture, a neighboring prefecture to Ehime Prefecture on Shikoku, one of the four main islands of Japan. Harsch will be returning to Shikoku later this year to make her first visit to FC Imabari High School. She reflected,

My years as an ALT on Shikoku significantly shifted the course of my life. It was in Shikoku that I fell in love with teaching, and in particular became passionate about engaging students in rural areas of Japan. The opportunity to work with students through Stanford e-FC Imabari has been hugely rewarding as it brings my work full circle back to my second home, Shikoku. It is an honor to contribute to the mission of FC Imabari High School.


During a recent visit to Imabari City on October 7 and 8, 2024, I had the opportunity to meet Stanford e-FC Imabari students not only at FC Imabari High School (Principal Shota Tsuji) but also at the three public high schools that have students who are participating in Stanford e-FC Imabari. These public high schools include Imabari West High School (Principal Teruo Koike), Imabari West High School, Hakata Branch (Branch Principal Hiroki Yano), and Imabari East High School (Principal Hiroyasu Watanabe). SPICE and FC Imabari High School are grateful to Ehime Prefecture’s Board of Education for its support of the engagement of these three public schools. Through my four meetings with students, I could see the bonds that have already developed between the four schools.

Principal Tsuji noted that “Through Stanford e-FC Imabari, we hope to not only provide unique learning opportunities for FC Imabari High School but also to build synergy between our school and local public schools. As the FC Imabari soccer team has strengthened our sense of community in Imabari, I would like to see greater community building between FC Imabari High School and local public schools.” Also, Hinako Tamai, English teacher at Imabari West High School, Hakata Branch, commented, “Being on a remote island, Hakata Island, in the Inland Sea, I feel fortunate that our students have this opportunity to work with Stanford University. Hakata Island now not only has physical bridges with Shikoku but also intellectual bridges with Stanford University and other schools in Imabari City.”

SPICE looks forward to continuing its work with Stanford e-FC Imabari to help cultivate students’ autonomy and independence—Mr. Okada’s goal—and underscore the importance of their roles in the local community and the world at large.

Importantly, SPICE would like thank Yoshihisa Ozasa, the founder and Chairman of Link & Motivation, Inc., for generously providing the necessary funding to make Stanford e-FC Imabari possible. 

Stanford e-FC Imabari is one of SPICE’s local student programs in Japan.

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SPICE’s Alison Harsch offers a class with the newly established FC Imabari High School in Imabari City, Ehime Prefecture.

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