International Relations

FSI researchers strive to understand how countries relate to one another, and what policies are needed to achieve global stability and prosperity. International relations experts focus on the challenging U.S.-Russian relationship, the alliance between the U.S. and Japan and the limitations of America’s counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan.

Foreign aid is also examined by scholars trying to understand whether money earmarked for health improvements reaches those who need it most. And FSI’s Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center has published on the need for strong South Korean leadership in dealing with its northern neighbor.

FSI researchers also look at the citizens who drive international relations, studying the effects of migration and how borders shape people’s lives. Meanwhile FSI students are very much involved in this area, working with the United Nations in Ethiopia to rethink refugee communities.

Trade is also a key component of international relations, with FSI approaching the topic from a slew of angles and states. The economy of trade is rife for study, with an APARC event on the implications of more open trade policies in Japan, and FSI researchers making sense of who would benefit from a free trade zone between the European Union and the United States.

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Flyer for the 2026 Oksenberg Conference, titled "Coping with a Less Predictable United States," including an image of President Trump board Air Force One.

The content, consistency, and predictability of U.S. policy shaped the global order for eight decades, but these lodestars of geopolitics and geoeconomics can no longer be taken for granted. What comes next will be determined by the ambitions and actions of major powers and other international actors.

Some have predicted that China can and will reshape the global order. But does it want to? If so, what will it seek to preserve, reform, or replace? Choices made by China and other regional states will hinge on their perceptions of future U.S. behavior — whether they deem it more prudent to retain key attributes of the U.S.-built order, with America playing a different role, than to move toward an untested and likely contested alternative — and how they prioritize their own interests.

This year’s Oksenberg Conference will examine how China and other Indo-Pacific actors read the geopolitical landscape, set priorities, and devise strategies to shape the regional order amid uncertainty about U.S. policy and the future of global governance.
 

PANEL 1 

China’s Perceptions and Possible Responses 


Moderator 

Thomas Fingar 
Shorenstein APARC Fellow, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University 

Panelists 

Da Wei 
Professor and Director, Center for International Security and Strategy, Tsinghua University 

Mark Lambert 
Retired U.S. Department of State Official, Formerly China Coordinator and Deputy Assistant Secretary 

Susan Shirk 
Research Professor, School of Global Policy and Strategy, University of California San Diego 


PANEL 2 
Other Asia-Pacific Regional Actors’ Perceptions and Policy Calculations 


Moderator 

Laura Stone 
Retired U.S. Ambassador and Career Foreign Service Officer; Inaugural China Policy Fellow at APARC, Stanford University 

Panelists

Victor Cha 
Distinguished University Professor, D.S. Song-KF Chair, and Professor of Government, Georgetown University 

Katherine Monahan 
Visiting Scholar and Japan Program Fellow 2025-2026, APARC, Stanford University 

Kathryn Stoner 
Satre Family Senior Fellow, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University 

Emily Tallo 
Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University 

Thomas Fingar, Laura Stone
Victor Cha, Da Wei, Mark Lambert, Katherine Monahan, Susan Shirk, Kathryn Stoner, Emily Tallo
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Stanford Center on Early Childhood (SCEC) and The Rural Education Action Program (REAP) are pleased to host Harvard University Professor Chunling Lu for a special seminar event.
 
Please register for the event to receive email reminders and add it to your calendar. Lunch will be provided.


 

Global, Regional, and Country Level Prevalence of Young Children Exposed to Risks of Poor Development in Low and Middle Income Countries: An Update

 

Quantifying the prevalence of young children exposed to risks of poor development is imperative for understanding the challenges of reducing those risks, developing and evaluating evidence-based early childhood development policy interventions, and assessing progress in eliminating the risks imposed upon young children during their most critical developmental period. We published estimates on the prevalence of young children exposed to stunting and extreme poverty at the global, regional, and country levels in 2017. Since new data have been released and a new definition of extreme poverty has been proposed, we updated our 2017 study with a focus on the progress in reducing the prevalence of risk exposure at different levels since 2000. For countries with other risk factors available in their micro-level data, we added them to the composite measure and assessed the levels and trends of sociodemographic disparities in young children’s risk exposure.  
 


About the Speaker 

 

Chunling Lu, Ph.D head shot

Chunling Lu studied international relations (BA) and political science (MA) at Fudan University in Shanghai, China, and sociology (MA) and applied statistics (MS) at Syracuse University, where she also received her PhD in economics. She received postdoctoral training on health care policy analysis at the Harvard Medical School’s Department of Health Care Policy, and joined the School’s Department of Global Health and Social Medicine in 2008 after three years as Senior Research Associate at the Harvard Institute for Global Health.


 

EVENT PARTNERS

 

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Goldman Room E409, Encina Hall

Chunling Lu, Associate Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School
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About the speaker: Rachel Metz is an Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at The George Washington University. Metz’s research and teaching focus on international security, security assistance and security cooperation, military effectiveness, nuclear strategy, and methods for studying military operations. Her book project examines the United States’ approach to building militaries in partner states, and her research has been published in International Organization, International Security, Security Studies, International Studies Quarterly, Journal of Strategic Studies, Foreign Affairs, The Washington Quarterly, H-Diplo, War on the Rocks, Lawfare, The National Interest, and The Washington Post, among other outlets.

Metz received her Ph.D. in Political Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she was a member of the Security Studies Program. Her work has received funding from the Smith Richardson Foundation, Defense Security Cooperation University, and the Carnegie Corporation. Previously, Metz was a professor at the U.S. Naval War College, an adjunct researcher for the RAND Corporation, and a Eurasia Group Fellow with the Eurasia Group Foundation. Metz is a research affiliate at MIT.

 All CISAC events are scheduled using the Pacific Time Zone.

No filming or recording without express permission from speaker.

William J. Perry Conference Room

Rachel Metz
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The November 5, 2025, Israel Insights webinar, hosted by the Jan Koum Israel Studies Program (JKISP) at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL), featured a conversation between Amichai Magen, director of JKISP, and Ambassador Vivian Bercovici, former Canadian ambassador to Israel and a leading commentator on Israeli politics and society. Bercovici reflected on her tenure as a political appointee under Prime Minister Stephen Harper, describing tensions between Canada’s elected leadership and its foreign service bureaucracy, particularly on Israel policy. She emphasized that her mandate was to implement government policy rather than shape it, and discussed efforts to strengthen Canada–Israel commercial and technological ties amid institutional resistance and limited subject-matter expertise within the bureaucracy.

The discussion then turned to Israel’s current political and social trajectory following the judicial reform crisis and the October 7 Hamas attack. Bercovici argued that Israel’s next election could be the most consequential in the country’s history, with the future of liberal democracy and civic responsibility at stake. She highlighted a growing societal divide over the state’s founding ethos of shared obligation — particularly debates surrounding the return of hostages, unequal military and national service, and declining commitment among some groups to democratic norms. The webinar concluded with a discussion of how these tensions may reshape Israel’s political culture and determine the character of the state in the years ahead.

A full recording of the webinar can be viewed below:

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Understanding the Persistence of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict

In an Israel Insights webinar, Professor Azar Gat examined how unresolved questions of historical legitimacy have shaped decades of failed negotiations.
Understanding the Persistence of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict
Yoav Heller presented during a Visiting Fellows in Israel Studies winter webinar.
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Dr. Yoav Heller on Rebuilding Centrist Politics and Uniting Israelis

Dr. Heller, founder of the Fourth Quarter, discussed how grassroots centrist movements can overcome identity-driven polarization in Israel by fostering unity, especially in the wake of national tragedy, and emphasized the need for long-term internal peace-building and reimagining Israeli society’s future.
Dr. Yoav Heller on Rebuilding Centrist Politics and Uniting Israelis
Eugene Kandel presents via Zoom in a webinar hosted by the Visiting Fellows in Israel Program.
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Eugene Kandel on Tackling Israel’s Internal Existential Risks

Kandel's talk with Visiting Fellow in Israel Studies Amichai Magen focused on his work at the Israel Strategic Futures Institute (ISFI) in diagnosing what he and his colleagues identify as internal existential risks for Israel and the policy ideas generated by ISFI in response to those risks.
Eugene Kandel on Tackling Israel’s Internal Existential Risks
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Vivian Bercovici, former Canadian Ambassador to Israel, reflects on diplomacy, the “leave no one behind” ethos, and Israel’s political crossroads.

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In the October 22, 2025, opening session of the Israel Insights webinar series, Amichai Magen, Director of the Jan Koum Israel Studies Program at Stanford’s Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL), spoke with Professor Azar Gat, the Ezer Weitzman Chair of National Security and Head of the International and Executive MA Programs in Security and Diplomacy in the School of Political Science, Government and International Affairs at Tel Aviv University.

Professor Gat’s talk, based on his recent essay for Israel’s Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), explored what he calls “the problem with the Palestinian problem” — why the conflict has remained uniquely intractable despite decades of negotiation and apparent consensus around a two-state framework. He argued that the dominant national narrative has not centered on the creation of an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel, but on the rectification of what is perceived as the injustice of 1948 — the very establishment of the Jewish state itself. The discussion concluded with a Q&A session exploring implications for Israeli strategy, regional normalization, and the evolving balance between realism and hope in future negotiations.

A full recording of the webinar can be viewed below:

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Yoav Heller presented during a Visiting Fellows in Israel Studies winter webinar.
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Dr. Yoav Heller on Rebuilding Centrist Politics and Uniting Israelis

Dr. Heller, founder of the Fourth Quarter, discussed how grassroots centrist movements can overcome identity-driven polarization in Israel by fostering unity, especially in the wake of national tragedy, and emphasized the need for long-term internal peace-building and reimagining Israeli society’s future.
Dr. Yoav Heller on Rebuilding Centrist Politics and Uniting Israelis
Eugene Kandel presents via Zoom in a webinar hosted by the Visiting Fellows in Israel Program.
News

Eugene Kandel on Tackling Israel’s Internal Existential Risks

Kandel's talk with Visiting Fellow in Israel Studies Amichai Magen focused on his work at the Israel Strategic Futures Institute (ISFI) in diagnosing what he and his colleagues identify as internal existential risks for Israel and the policy ideas generated by ISFI in response to those risks.
Eugene Kandel on Tackling Israel’s Internal Existential Risks
Ari Shavit
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Ari Shavit on Israel's Existential War

Shavit, in conversation with FSI Visiting Fellow in Israel Studies Amichai Magen, discussed the threats Israel faces — particularly from Iran and its proxies — while reassessing historical defense doctrines and the evolving regional landscape, including the future of Gaza.
Ari Shavit on Israel's Existential War
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In an Israel Insights webinar, Professor Azar Gat examined how unresolved questions of historical legitimacy have shaped decades of failed negotiations.

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On Jan. 7, the Democracy Action Lab convened a panel to assess Venezuela’s political landscape following the U.S. administration’s recent removal and arrest of leader Nicolás Maduro.

The event, “Venezuela After Maduro: Democracy, Authoritarian Rebalancing, or Chaos,” included speakers María Ignacia CurielHéctor FuentesDorothy KronickHarold Trinkunas, and Diego A. Zambrano. Moderated by Alberto Díaz-Cayeros, the discussion offered analyses of post-extraction scenarios that drew on comparative experiences, Venezuelan political dynamics, and theories of post-authoritarian and post-conflict transitions. 

Housed in the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL), the Democracy Action Lab (DAL) combines rigorous research with practitioner collaborations. It is co-directed by Beatriz Magaloni and Díaz-Cayeros, both senior fellows at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI). During the panel discussion, Díaz-Cayeros said that DAL is collecting and sharing resources on the situation in Venezuela.

Authoritarian rebalance 


Maduro served as president of Venezuela for more than 10 years before he was ousted Jan. 3 in a U.S. military operation that brought him to America to face narco-terrorism charges.

Trinkunas, a senior research scholar at FSI’s Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC), discussed the possibility of Venezuela transitioning to democracy, especially given the opposition's overwhelming victory in the 2024 presidential elections. But an authoritarian rebalancing looms large, he noted.

“We have to remember that all the institutions of power and all the electoral offices in Venezuela below the president are held by supporters of the regime,” he said.

Trinkunas recalled political scientist Alexander B. Downs’ book, “Catastrophic Success,” which examined the negative consequences of foreign-imposed regime changes and highlighted that such interventions often lead to civil war and violent removals of leaders.

“About one-third to 40% of all regimes installed by a foreign intervention end up in civil conflict within 10 years,” Trinkunas said. And, almost half of leaders installed by foreign powers withdraw from or are pushed from office before their terms are up.

He foresees a divergence between the interests of the intervening power, the U.S., and Venezuela’s power elites and population under the proposed arrangement. “The people with the guns stay employed.” And they may not be eager to cooperate if it involves sharing Venezuela’s mineral wealth with the United States government.

Díaz-Cayeros said, “Nothing has changed in the basic underlying economic conditions of Venezuela that has forced an exodus of 8 million people.” Days after the arrest of Maduro, the government in office is still the same government that came into office through an electoral fraud, he added.

We have to remember that all the institutions of power and all the electoral offices in Venezuela below the president are held by supporters of the regime.
Harold Trinkunas
Senior Research Scholar, CISAC

Status quo interests


Curiel, a research scholar at CDDRL, research manager for the Democracy Action Lab, and a native of Venezuela, described the ecosystem of armed actors in Venezuela and outlined how both state and non-state security forces have the incentives and capabilities to preserve the status quo. 

“They’ve had arrangements that have been important for their survival, up until now. And so, there’s a question that these groups face with the loss of Maduro and [his wife Cilia] Flores,” she said.

To the extent they perceive their arrangements are under threat, they might respond with violence or engage in chaos, Curiel added. This is further complicated by the fact that different armed groups are loyal to different members of the governing coalition, creating competing power centers.

Fuentes, a CDDRL visiting scholar and Venezuelan native, noted that the situation in Venezuela remains extremely fluid and that it is still too early to determine whether Maduro’s removal will lead to authoritarian rebalancing or a genuine democratic transition. He argued that policymakers face a real tension between two objectives: stabilizing the country while accounting for the complexity and fragility of the Venezuelan state, and recognizing that stabilization without a clear commitment to democratic transition as the ultimate goal is not sustainable.

“The stability is not going to happen unless you promise and commit to the final goal of a democratic transition,” said Fuentes, a lawyer and policy expert from Venezuela.

He explained that the regime’s basic instinct is to resist and survive any U.S. involvement in the way its key ally, Cuba, has done through the decades.

Stability is not going to happen unless you promise and commit to the final goal of a democratic transition.
Héctor Fuentes
Visiting Scholar, CDDRL

Zambrano, a Stanford law professor and CDDRL affiliated faculty member who grew up in Venezuela, said he was guardedly optimistic about a democratic transition and supported the military operation that removed Maduro. As for the legal implications of the capture of Maduro, he cited prior examples of the U.S. taking military action in Kosovo, Libya, and Panama, among others, without Congressional approval and in apparent violation of international law.

The international law prohibition on the use of force “has been violated [maybe] 40 times” in the last few decades, he said. “This is one more violation. Is that good? No, that’s not good, but it’s not a drastic change the way the Russian invasion of Ukraine was,” because the latter implicated the international prohibition on the annexation of territory. Moreover, in Venezuela’s case, the Venezuelan people welcomed the U.S. intervention.

Kronick, an associate professor of public policy at UC Berkeley and Stanford alum, observed that U.S. officials at a January 3 press conference didn’t mention democracy and totally dismissed María Corina Machado, whom she described as “Venezuela's most popular politician and the driving force behind the opposition candidate in last year's presidential election.”

The 2024 Venezuelan presidential election was highly controversial, given that both the opposition showed incontrovertible evidence, widely verified by the international community, that the election was stolen by Maduro and that the opposition actually won by a landslide.

Kronick said the acting president of Venezuela, Delcy Rodríguez, is clearly not a democratic activist and has been a key member of the regime for years. “It’s a little bit hard to be optimistic about the prospects for democratization,” given her current role.

On the other hand, Venezuela has very capable election-vote-counting technology and decades of high-turnout elections, all of which could potentially facilitate re-democratization. 

This kind of U.S. unilateral action strikes a very deep chord in the Latin American psyche. And it doesn’t really matter if someone is on the left or on the right.
Alberto Díaz-Cayeros
Senior Fellow, FSI; Co-Director, Democracy Action Lab

‘Gangster diplomacy’


In the question-and-answer session, Michael McFaul, former FSI director, described the Trump Administration’s current attempt to take more than $2 billion in oil from Venezuela as “gangster diplomacy” and a “travesty.” 

Díaz-Cayeros said, “This kind of U.S. unilateral action strikes a very deep chord in the Latin American psyche. And it doesn’t really matter if someone is on the left or on the right” in Latin and South America.”

Kathryn Stoner, Mosbacher Director of CDDRL, noted that the U.S. arrest of Maduro raises troubling questions about whether Russia would attempt a similar action against Ukraine’s leaders in the future. “What then stops Putin, other than the incompetence of the Russian armed forces, from going in and trying to get (President Volodymyr) Zelensky or any other high leader in Ukraine?”

Kronick suggested audience members read a recent Foreign Affairs essay, “A Grand Bargain With Venezuela,” in which the author argues for a “pacted transition,” a negotiated, power-sharing arrangement, as the most viable path for Venezuela. This would involve an agreement between the current regime and opposition to coexist and gradually democratize, rather than one side seeking total victory.

“Whether you read this and think this is pie in the sky and this is never going to happen, or you think this is what we need to really push for, I think it’s really worth engaging with, so I’ll end with that recommendation,” she said.
 

In October 2025, CDDRL launched the Democracy Action Lab, a new initiative designed to apply the findings of leading-edge research to practice in the global effort to defend and revitalize democracy. DAL’s agenda is organized around four key issues — how democratic erosion unfolds; how practitioners navigate strategic dilemmas; how diasporas may influence political struggles at home; and how citizens’ beliefs and trade-offs shape their commitments to democracy.

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María Corina Machado spoke to a Stanford audience in a special video address on November 18, and engaged in a conversation with Larry Diamond.
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Venezuela: Cultivating Democratic Resilience Against Authoritarianism

María Corina Machado, the leader of the Venezuelan pro-democracy movement, suggests that a strong international response to Venezuelan authoritarianism will help overcome electoral fraud against democracy in her country.
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A person cast a vote during the presidential elections at Escuela Ecológica Bolivariana Simón Rodríguez on July 28, 2024 in Fuerte Tiuna, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Exploring the Implications of Venezuela’s 2024 Presidential Election with Héctor Fuentes

Fuentes, a lawyer, human rights advocate, and agent of social change in Venezuela, is a member of the 2024 class of Fisher Family Summer Fellows at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law.
Exploring the Implications of Venezuela’s 2024 Presidential Election with Héctor Fuentes
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A man holds a portrait of Nicolas Maduro during a march in Caracas, Venezuela, on January 6, 2026.
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A Democracy Action Lab panel weighed competing scenarios for Venezuela’s political future amid elite continuity, economic crisis, and international intervention.

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Venezuela Panel Event

The U.S. military operation known as Operation Absolute Resolve, which resulted in the capture and removal of Nicolás Maduro from Venezuela, represents a watershed moment in hemispheric politics. The operation, characterized by precision targeting, limited duration, and the absence of a formal occupation, has nonetheless created a profound political rupture inside Venezuela and raised far-reaching questions about sovereignty, legitimacy, governance, and democratic reconstruction.

This event convenes scholars and practitioners to examine what comes after such a military intervention, providing an analysis of post-extraction scenarios, drawing on comparative experience, Venezuelan political dynamics, and theories of post-authoritarian and post-conflict transitions.

The discussion does not seek to justify or condemn the intervention itself. Rather, it aims to assess the range of plausible futures now confronting Venezuela and the conditions under which the current rupture could lead to authoritarian rebalancing, prolonged disorder, or democratic recovery.

SPEAKERS:

  • María Ignacia Curiel
  • Héctor Fuentes
  • Dorothy Kronick
  • Harold Trinkunas
  • Diego A. Zambrano
     

MODERATOR: Alberto Díaz-Cayeros 

About the Speakers

Maria Curiel

Maria Ignacia Curiel

Research Scholar, CDDRL; Research Affiliate, Poverty, Violence, and Governance Lab
Link to bio

María Ignacia Curiel is a Research Scholar at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law and Research Affiliate of the Poverty, Violence and Governance Lab at Stanford University. Curiel is an empirical political scientist using experimental, observational, and qualitative data to study questions of violence and democratic participation, peacebuilding, and representation.

Her research primarily explores political solutions to violent conflict and the electoral participation of parties with violent origins. This work includes an in-depth empirical study of Comunes, the Colombian political party formed by the former FARC guerrilla, as well as a broader analysis of rebel party behaviors across different contexts. More recently, her research has focused on democratic mobilization and the political representation of groups affected by violence in Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela.

Hector Fuentes

Héctor Fuentes

Visiting Scholar, Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
Link to bio

Hector Fuentes is a Visiting Scholar at Stanford’s Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at Stanford University. His research focuses on Venezuelan elections, exploring the dynamics that led to this semi-competitive election, analyzing the strategic successes of the opposition, and identifying windows of opportunity for fostering a transition to democracy in Venezuela.

Dorothy_Kronick

Dorothy Kronick

Associate Professor of Public Policy, Goldman School of Public Policy at Berkeley
Link to bio

Dorothy Kronick is an Associate Professor of Public Policy at the Goldman School of Public Policy at Berkeley. She studies contemporary Latin American politics, focusing on Venezuelan politics and the politics of crime and policing. Her work has been published in the American Political Science Review, the Journal of Politics, Science, and Science Advances, among other outlets. Her commentary on Venezuelan politics has appeared in the New York Times and the Washington Post.

Harold Trinkunas

Harold Trinkunas

Deputy Director and a Senior Research Scholar at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
Link to bio

Harold Trinkunas is a Senior Research Scholar and the Deputy Director at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. His work has examined civil-military relations, ungoverned spaces, terrorist financing, emerging power dynamics, and global governance.

Diego Zambrano

Diego A. Zambrano

Associate Professor of Law, Stanford Law School & CDDRL Affiliated Faculty
Link to bio

Diego A. Zambrano is a Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Global Programs at Stanford Law School, specializing in the areas of civil litigation and comparative law. He is also the faculty director of the Neukom Center for the Rule of Law and Faculty Affiliate at the Center on Democracy, Development and Rule of Law at Stanford University. 

Alberto Díaz-Cayeros

Alberto Díaz-Cayeros

Senior Fellow, Freeman Spogli Institute (FSI), Affiliated faculty at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL), Co-director, Democracy Action Lab (DAL)
Link to bio

Alberto Diaz-Cayeros joined the FSI faculty in 2013 after serving for five years as the director of the Center for US-Mexico studies at the University of California, San Diego. He earned his Ph.D at Duke University in 1997. He was an assistant professor of political science at Stanford from 2001-2008, before which he served as an assistant professor of political science at the University of California, Los Angeles. Diaz-Cayeros has also served as a researcher at Centro de Investigacion Para el Desarrollo, A.C. in Mexico from 1997-1999. His work has focused on federalism, poverty and violence in Latin America, and Mexico in particular. He has published widely in Spanish and English. His book Federalism, Fiscal Authority and Centralization in Latin America was published by Cambridge University Press in 2007 (reprinted 2016). His latest book (with Federico Estevez and Beatriz Magaloni) is: The Political Logic of Poverty Relief Electoral Strategies and Social Policy in Mexico. His work has primarily focused on federalism, poverty and economic reform in Latin America, and Mexico in particular, with more recent work addressing crime and violence, youth-at-risk, and police professionalization. He currently serves as the co-director of the Democracy Action Lab at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDRRL) at the Freeman Spogli Institute (FSI).

Alberto Díaz-Cayeros
Alberto Díaz-Cayeros

William J. Perry Conference Room, Encina Hall 2nd Floor 

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Only those with an active Stanford ID with access to the William J. Perry Conference Room in Encina Hall may attend in person.

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616 Jane Stanford Way
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

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Research Scholar
Research Manager, Democracy Action Lab
Poverty, Violence, and Governance Lab Research Affiliate, 2024-25
CDDRL Postdoctoral Fellow, 2023-24
maria_curiel_2024.jpg

María Ignacia Curiel is a Research Scholar at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law and Research Affiliate of the Poverty, Violence and Governance Lab at Stanford University. Curiel is an empirical political scientist using experimental, observational, and qualitative data to study questions of violence and democratic participation, peacebuilding, and representation.

Her research primarily explores political solutions to violent conflict and the electoral participation of parties with violent origins. This work includes an in-depth empirical study of Comunes, the Colombian political party formed by the former FARC guerrilla, as well as a broader analysis of rebel party behaviors across different contexts. More recently, her research has focused on democratic mobilization and the political representation of groups affected by violence in Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela.

Curiel's work has been supported by the Folke Bernadotte Academy, the Institute for Humane Studies, and the APSA Centennial Center and is published in the Journal of Politics. She holds a Ph.D. in Political Science and dual B.A. degrees in Economics and Political Science from New York University.

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María Ignacia Curiel Research Scholar Research Manager Panelist Democracy Action Lab (DAL) and CDDRL, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI)
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Héctor Fuentes is a Visiting Scholar at Stanford’s Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (2024-25). His research focuses on the critical juncture of the 2024 Venezuelan elections, exploring the dynamics that led to this semi-competitive election, analyzing the strategic successes of the opposition, and identifying windows of opportunity for fostering a transition to democracy in Venezuela. As the Director of EstadoLab, he has co-authored influential pieces on state fragility and democracy in Venezuela, as well as on state fragility across South America.

Héctor holds a Master of Global Affairs from Tsinghua University, where he was a Schwarzman Scholar, and a Master of Public Policy from the University of Oxford, supported by a Chevening Scholarship. His legal training was completed at the Central University of Venezuela, where he graduated as valedictorian. Throughout his career, Héctor has built extensive expertise in institutional capacity building, rule of law strengthening, and natural resource governance.

In addition to his research and academic work, Héctor has been actively involved in democracy promotion efforts in Venezuela. He co-founded EstadoLab, leading national campaigns that reached millions of young people and supported their participation in pro-democracy initiatives. He has also worked on various international projects aimed at rebuilding state capacity and promoting justice reform.

CDDRL Visiting Scholar, 2024-26
Fisher Family Summer Fellow, 2024
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Héctor Fuentes Visiting Scholar Panelist Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI)
Dorothy Kronick Associate Professor of Public Policy Panelist Goldman School of Public Policy, U.C. Berkeley
Harold Trinkunas Senior Research Scholar & Deputy Director Panelist Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI)

Room N346, Neukom Building
555 Nathan Abbott Way
Stanford, CA 94305

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Professor of Law, Stanford Law School
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Diego A. Zambrano’s primary research and teaching interests lie in the areas of civil procedure, transnational litigation, and judicial federalism. His work explores the civil litigation landscape: the institutions, norms, and incentives that influence litigant and judicial behavior. Professor Zambrano also has an interest in comparative constitutional law and legal developments related to Venezuela. He currently leads an innovative Stanford Policy Lab tracking “Global Judicial Reforms” and has served as an advisor to pro-democracy political parties in Venezuela. In 2021, Professor Zambrano received the Barbara Allen Babcock Award for Excellence in Teaching.

Professor Zambrano’s scholarship has appeared or is forthcoming at the Columbia Law Review, University of Chicago Law Review, Michigan Law Review, Northwestern University Law Review, Stanford Law Review, and Virginia Law Review, among other journals, and has been honored by the American Association of Law Schools (AALS) and the National Civil Justice Institute. Professor Zambrano will be a co-author of the leading casebook Civil Procedure: A Modern Approach (8th ed. 2024) (with Marcus, Pfander, and Redish). In addition, Professor Zambrano serves as the current chair of the Federal Courts Section of the AALS. He also writes about legal issues for broader public audiences, with his contributions appearing in the Wall Street Journal, BBC News, and Lawfare.

After graduating with honors from Harvard Law School in 2013, Professor Zambrano spent three years as an associate at Cleary Gottlieb in New York, focusing on transnational litigation and arbitration. Before joining Stanford Law School in 2018, Professor Zambrano was a Bigelow Teaching Fellow at the University of Chicago Law School.

CDDRL Affiliated Faculty
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Diego A. Zambrano Associate Professor of Law, CDDRL Affiliated Faculty Panelist Stanford Law School
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About the event: The threat of illicit nuclear and other radioactive materials poses a risk to international security. The analysis of post-Soviet disintegration cases of illicit trafficking suggests that those incidents were mostly opportunistic thefts resulting from a weakened security system and/or lack of strict oversight. With the growing threat of global terrorism and the emergence of various terrorist networks across the world, however, the focus has shifted to the probability of a terrorist outfit gaining access to these deadly weapons and materials, especially in South Asia. In that regard, the study identifies the role of a nuclear security regime in mitigating the risks arising from the threat of illicit trafficking incidents. It identifies a distinct nuclear security regime under the regime theory and seeks its application in a regional framework in the South Asian context. It assesses the nuclear security norms and practices of India and Pakistan and proposes a template of a regional cooperative mechanism that can be built upon the principles, norms, rules, and procedures of the nuclear security regime. The template is tailored according to the regional environment in South Asia and it has practical features that range from some ideal approaches to more realistic measures. In that regard, the proposed nuclear security regime seeks to de-securitize the nuclear security debate, which in turn, will facilitate framing nuclear security cooperation as a mutual interest and nuclear security risks as common threats even among the competitive states.

About the speaker: Sitara Noor is a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at Stanford University, California. She received her Ph.D. in Political Science in July 2025 from University of Vienna. Her research interests include nuclear security, non-proliferation, and strategic stability, with a particular focus on South Asia. She was formerly a Managing the Atom Fellow at Belfer Center from 2022 to 2024. In 2023, she was a Fellow at the NATO Defense College in Rome. She also held the position of Research Fellow at VCDNP in Vienna, Austria, during 2016-2017. Earlier in her career, she worked as an International Relations Analyst at Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (2008 to 2015).

 All CISAC events are scheduled using the Pacific Time Zone.

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William J. Perry Conference Room

Lisa Koch
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About the speaker: Lisa Langdon Koch is Associate Professor of Government at Claremont McKenna College, specializing in international relations. She is the author of Nuclear Decisions: Changing the Course of Nuclear Weapons Programs (Oxford University Press, 2023), which won the Robert Jervis Best International Security Book Award. She has published numerous articles on topics like nuclear proliferation and foreign policy. Her research has been funded by the Stanton Foundation Nuclear Security Grant Program and the Carnegie Corporation of New York. In 2023, Koch received the Glenn R. Huntoon Award for Superior Teaching. She is a 2000 Harry S. Truman Scholar.

 All CISAC events are scheduled using the Pacific Time Zone.

No filming or recording without express permission from speaker.

William J. Perry Conference Room

Lisa Koch
Seminars
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Jill Hruby

The Payne Lectureship is named for Frank E. Payne and Arthur W. Payne, brothers who gained an appreciation for global problems through their international business operations. Their descendants endowed the annual lecture series at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies in order to raise public understanding of the complex policy issues facing the global community today and to increase support for informed international cooperation.

The Payne Distinguished Lecturer is chosen for his or her international reputation as a leader, with an emphasis on visionary thinking; a broad, practical grasp of a given field; and the capacity to clearly articulate an important perspective on the global community and its challenges.

About the speaker: Jill Hruby served as the Under Secretary for Nuclear Security at the Department of Energy from 2021 to 2025. Prior to that, Hruby had a 34-year career at Sandia National Laboratories, retiring as the Director in 2017. Hruby was the inaugural Sam Nunn Distinguished Fellow at NTI. Currently, Hruby is on boards at Lawrence Livermore and the Atomic Weapon Establishment. She is a member of the Anthropic National Security Advisory Committee, the National Academy Committee for International Security and Arms Control, among other advisory roles. This quarter, she is the Payne Distinguished Lecturer at Stanford.

 All CISAC events are scheduled using the Pacific Time Zone.

No filming or recording without express permission from speaker.

William J. Perry Conference Room

Jill Hruby
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Jill Hruby
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