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In the midst of Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency’s headline-making actions, it’s a good time to remember that DOGE’s mandate is to “maximize governmental efficiency and productivity” by “modernizing federal technology and software.” Federal IT is a worthy target for Musk and his team of efficiency hackers. It’s overpriced, with various estimates pegging the government’s costs at two to four times the private sector’s. It underdelivers compared to what’s available outside of government, as anyone who has held positions in both sectors will attest. And it is difficult to defend against cyber-attacks — not least because IT vendors upcharge for security features against flaws in their own products.

I contributed to two efforts that chipped away at the cybersecurity aspects of the problem: President Obama’s Cybersecurity National Action Plan and President Trump’s executive order on cybersecurity. After I left the White House in 2017, the first Trump administration and the Biden administration both made additional, incremental progress, especially in migrating agencies to the cloud. And yet federal IT has proven remarkably resistant to reform while also facing the most challenging cyber threat environment of any organization in the world. If DOGE is looking for the most difficult problem in IT, this is it.

Continue reading at federalnewsnetwork.com

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Federal IT is a worthy target for Musk and his team of efficiency hackers. It’s overpriced with various estimates pegging the government’s costs at two to four.

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Andrew Grotto
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In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, increasing political polarization, and democratic backsliding, reimagining democracy requires innovative approaches that foster meaningful public engagement. Over the last 30 years, Deliberative Polling has proven to be a successful method of public consultation to enhance civic participation and informed decision-making. In recent years, the implementation of online Deliberative Polling using the AI-assisted Stanford Online Deliberation Platform, a groundbreaking automated platform designed to scale simultaneous and synchronous deliberation efforts to millions, has put deliberative societies within reach. By examining two compelling case studies—Foreign Policy by Canadians and the Metaverse Community Forum—this paper highlights how technology can empower diverse voices, facilitate constructive dialogue, and cultivate a more vibrant democratic process. This paper demonstrates that leveraging technology in deliberation not only enhances public discourse but also paves the way for a more inclusive and participatory democracy.
 

About "Deliberative Approaches to Inclusive Governance: An Essay Series Part of the Democratic Legitimacy for AI Initiative"


Democracy has undergone profound changes over the past decade, shaped by rapid technological, social, and political transformations. Across the globe, citizens are demanding more meaningful and sustained engagement in governance—especially around emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), which increasingly shape the contours of public life.

From world-leading experts in deliberative democracy, civic technology, and AI governance we introduce a seven-part essay series exploring how deliberative democratic processes like citizen’s assemblies and civic tech can strengthen AI governance. The essays follow from a workshop on “Democratic Legitimacy for AI: Deliberative Approaches to Inclusive Governance” held in Vancouver in March 2025, in partnership with Simon Fraser University’s Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue. The series and workshop were generously supported by funding from the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Mila, and Simon Fraser University’s Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue. 

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Part of "Deliberative Approaches to Inclusive Governance: An Essay Series Part of the Democratic Legitimacy for AI Initiative," produced by the Centre for Media, Technology and Democracy.

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Alice Siu
Book Publisher
Centre for Media, Technology and Democracy
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In October 2024, Meta, in collaboration with the Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab, implemented the third Meta Community Forum. This Community Forum expanded on the October 2023 deliberations regarding Generative AI. For this Community Forum, the participants deliberated on ‘how should AI agents provide proactive, personalized experiences for users?’ and ‘how should AI agents and users interact?’ Since the last Community Forum, the development of Generative AI has moved beyond AI chatbots and users have begun to explore the use of AI agents — a type of AI that can respond to written or verbal prompts by performing actions for you, or on your behalf. And beyond text-generating AI, users have begun to explore multimodal AI, where tools are able to generate content images, videos, and audio as well. The growing landscape of Generative AI raises more questions about users’ preferences when it comes to interacting with AI agents. This Community Forum focused deliberations on how interactive and proactive AI agents should be when engaging with users. Participants considered a variety of tradeoffs regarding consent, transparency, and human-like behaviors of AI agents. These deliberations shed light on what users are thinking now amidst the changing technology landscape in Generative AI.

For this deliberation, nearly 900 participants from five countries: India, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Turkey, participated in this deliberative event. The samples of each of these countries were recruited independently, so this Community Forum should be seen as five independent deliberations. In addition, 1,033 persons participated in the control group, where the participants did not deliberate in any discussions; the control group only completed the two surveys, pre and post. The main purpose of the control group is to demonstrate that any changes that occur after deliberation are a result of the deliberative event.

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April 2025

Authors
James S. Fishkin
Alice Siu
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In the early 1950s, the United States faced a critical intelligence challenge in its burgeoning competition with the Soviet Union. Outdated German reconnaissance photos from World War II could no longer provide sufficient intelligence about Soviet military capabilities, and existing U.S. surveillance capabilities were no longer able to penetrate the Soviet Union’s closed airspace. This deficiency spurred an audacious moonshot initiative: the development of the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. In only a few years, U-2 missions were delivering vital intelligence, capturing images of Soviet missile installations in Cuba and bringing near-real-time insights from behind the Iron Curtain to the Oval Office.

Today, the United States stands at a similar juncture. Competition between Washington and its rivals over the future of the global order is intensifying, and now, much as in the early 1950s, the United States must take advantage of its world-class private sector and ample capacity for innovation to outcompete its adversaries. The U.S. intelligence community must harness the country’s sources of strength to deliver insights to policymakers at the speed of today’s world. The integration of artificial intelligence, particularly through large language models, offers groundbreaking opportunities to improve intelligence operations and analysis, enabling the delivery of faster and more relevant support to decisionmakers. This technological revolution comes with significant downsides, however, especially as adversaries exploit similar advancements to uncover and counter U.S. intelligence operations. With an AI race underway, the United States must challenge itself to be first—first to benefit from AI, first to protect itself from enemies who might use the technology for ill, and first to use AI in line with the laws and values of a democracy.

Continue reading at foreignaffairs.com.

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How Artificial Intelligence Will Remake Espionage

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Authors
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In October 2024, Meta, in collaboration with the Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab, implemented the third Meta Community Forum. This Community Forum expanded on the October 2023 deliberations regarding Generative AI. For this Community Forum, the participants deliberated on ‘how should AI agents provide proactive, personalized experiences for users?’ and ‘how should AI agents and users interact?’

At a high level, Meta used this Forum to:

  • Expand public input into AI development beyond the Global North, and into the Global South. This latest Forum involved roughly 1,000 people from India, Turkey, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa.
  • Push the boundaries on the topics that the public will have input into. We moved from the foundational principles people wanted to see in GenAI towards addressing specific value and risk tradeoffs associated with issues like personalization and human-like AI.


The Forum resulted in several key findings on the principles that should underpin AI agents, including:
 

  • Participants supported AI agents remembering their prior conversations to personalize their experience, especially if transparency and user controls are in place.
  • Participants were more supportive of culturally/regionally-tailored AI agents compared to standardized AI agents.
  • Participants were in favor of human-like AI agents that can respond to emotional cues.
  • Across topics, participants consistently favored options for AI to include transparency and user control features.

Maturing our Community Forum Program


Beyond the findings of any one Forum, the Deliberative Democracy Lab and Meta have heard important feedback from stakeholders and have implemented several programmatic changes to mature our program. These include:
 

  • More disclosure around the impact of results: Meta will share more information about how results are being actioned within the company on its Transparency Center page, which will be updated throughout the year.
  • Following up with participants: We heard the importance of going back to participants to explain what we learned from their input and what we are doing with it. The Deliberative Democracy Lab will be hosting calls with participants from each of our past Community Forums, dating back to 2022, to update them on the findings from the Forum and Meta’s response.
  • Supporting AI deliberation: A team of Meta AI experts has begun partnering with the Deliberative Democracy Lab to conduct research on how AI might further scale deliberation and optimize the Community Forum process. This includes, but is not limited to, using AI to aggregate themes that are emerging in discussions in real time and support engagement between participants and experts in plenary sessions.
  • Supporting external research: Meta is supporting a consortium of independent researchers from around the world who will evaluate the data from its Forums and publish research papers on the deliberations and results. This will culminate in an academic conference later this year.

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Navigating the Future of AI: Insights from the Second Meta Community Forum

A multinational Deliberative Poll unveils the global public's nuanced views on AI chatbots and their integration into society.
Navigating the Future of AI: Insights from the Second Meta Community Forum
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Results of First Global Deliberative Poll® Announced by Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab

More than 6,300 deliberators from 32 countries and nine regions around the world participated in the Metaverse Community Forum on Bullying and Harassment.
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Participants deliberated on ‘how should AI agents provide proactive, personalized experiences for users?’ and ‘how should AI agents and users interact?’

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Melissa Morgan
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After almost two years of hard work and study, the 2025 cohort of the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy program (MIP) is preparing for the final stretch of their learning journey at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI). 

Each year, second-year MIP students participate in the Policy Change Studio, which takes their learning out of the realm of theory and into hands-on, on-the-ground application. Recognizing that the world outside the classroom is much more complex, bureaucratic, and constrained than textbook case studies, the Studio is a two-quarter course designed to provide students with direct experience researching, developing, and implementing policy goals.   

Our students are setting out for Belgium, Mongolia, Ghana, Australia, and India to work directly with research groups, NGOs, and policy institutions on pressing challenges affecting local communities and global alliances alike. Keep reading to learn more about each project.

 

Securing Trust: A Framework for Effective Cyber Threat Information Sharing in NATO

Over the past few months, through problem identification and early solutions development, our research has identified three key challenges in NATO’s cyber threat information sharing landscape. First, despite the presence of existing protocols such as NCIRC and MISP, significant communication
[Left to right]: Emerson Johnston, Tiffany Saade, Chan Leem
Emerson Johnston, Tiffany Saade, Chan Leem, Markos Magana (not pictured)

gaps persist between stakeholders. This is exacerbated by the lack of clear, standardized specifications from NATO, leading to inconsistent implementation and operational friction. Second, at its core, this is an intelligence-sharing challenge: member states operate under different national frameworks, threat perceptions, and priorities, which influence what information they are willing (or unwilling) to share. Third, the fragmentation of sharing systems is not merely a technical hurdle but often a deliberate choice made for operational and security reasons, reflecting concerns over sovereignty, data protection, and strategic advantage.

While technological advancements can enhance interoperability, they alone will not drive adoption. Our research highlights that the underlying issue is one of trust and incentives—NATO must establish mechanisms that encourage collaboration beyond just technological solutions. Without a strong foundation of mutual trust, transparency, and shared benefits, even the most advanced systems will face resistance. Creating sustainable incentives for participation—whether through policy alignment, risk reduction assurances, or value-added intelligence sharing—will be essential in fostering a more effective and unified cyber defense posture within NATO.

 

Cultivating Community-Led Policies: GerHub and Mongolia’s Billion Trees Initiative

Our team is collaborating with GerHub in Mongolia to establish an influential policy think tank aimed at fostering community-informed and data-driven policymaking. Leveraging GerHub’s unique and extensive connections within the ger communities of Mongolia, we aim to empower policies that authentically reflect local needs and insights.
[Left to right]: Julia Ilhardt, Serena Rivera-Korver, Johanna von der Leyen, and Michael Alisky
Julia Ilhardt, Serena Rivera-Korver, Johanna von der Leyen, and Michael Alisky

A key component of our project involves conducting in-depth research and stakeholder interviews focused on Mongolia's "Billion Trees Initiative," where we will be seeking actionable insights to scale up the initiative effectively and sustainably.

 

Countering Coordinated Political Disinformation Campaigns in Ghana

Our team is working with the Africa Center for Strategic Studies to examine disinformation issues in Ghana. We are focusing on how coordinated influence operations are being used to create and spread political disinformation. We aim to understand how PR companies and
[Left to right]: Euysun Hwang, Sakeena Razick, Leticia Lie, and Julie Tamura
Euysun Hwang, Sakeena Razick, Leticia Lie, Julie Tamura, and Anjali Kumar (not pictured)

influencers work with politicians to coordinate these influence operations and shape public opinion. Our policy recommendations will address how governments and civil societies can work together to tackle this issue.

 

The recent ratification of the Technology Safeguard Agreement (TSA) by the United States and Australia lays the foundation for smoother exchange of commercial space technologies and permits U.S. commercial space launch companies to conduct reentry in Australia. With the sponsorship of the
[Left to right]: Samara Nassor, Gustavs Zilgalvis, and Helen Phillips
Samara Nassor, Gustavs Zilgalvis, Helen Phillips, and Joe Wishart (not pictured)

Australian Space Agency and U.S. Defense Innovation Unit, the goal of this project is to leverage Australia's strategic geographic position and investment in reentry infrastructure to mitigate the hurdles that U.S. commercial startups experience accessing military ranges for reentry. Our project aims to create a robust foundation for the development of orbital return capabilities in Australia, fostering greater commercial and national security collaboration between the U.S. and Australia.

 

Overcoming Computational Resource Gaps for Open Source AI in India

Our team is working with Digital Futures Lab (DFL), a non-profit research network in India that examines the intersection of technology and society in the Global South. Our project focuses on identifying the key components of open source AI in India and how limited access
[Left to right]: Sandeep Abraham, Sabina Nong, Kevin Klyman, and Emily Capstick
Sandeep Abraham, Sabina Nong, Kevin Klyman, and Emily Capstick

to computational resources acts as a barrier to adoption. India has a thriving tech sector, and openly available AI models have the potential to democratize access to this trailblazing technology. At the same time, AI is expensive to build and deploy, and access to the specialized computational resources needed to do so is limited even for top Indian companies. Our team aims to develop solutions in partnership with Digital Futures Lab that can help bolster the AI ecosystem across India.

 

Combating Human Trafficking in the Informal Mining Industry in Ghana

Our team is working with the Ghana Center for Democratic Development to identify ways to disrupt human trafficking into forced labor in Ghana’s informal mining sector. So far, our research and conversations with stakeholders has highlighted the complex systems — ranging from poverty to illicit networks —
[Left to right]: Alex Bue, Rachel Desch, and Marco Baeza
Alex Bue, Rachel Desch, Marco Baeza, and Hye Jin Kim (not pictured)

that contribute to this issue. During our fieldwork, we will explore community- and government-driven programs aimed at preventing and combating trafficking. Our final report will analyze existing policies, pinpoint gaps, and propose community-led interventions to address them.

 

The Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy

Want to learn more? MIP holds admission events throughout the year, including graduate fairs and webinars, where you can meet our staff and ask questions about the program.

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The Class of 2026 of the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University.
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SPICE Provides Excellent Learning Opportunities for Japanese University Students

SPICE/Stanford collaborates with the Graduate School of Education at the University of Tokyo.
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Students in the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy program are practicing their policymaking skills through projects on cybersecurity within NATO, countering political disinformation in Ghana, commercial space technology in Australia, and more.

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"How far away was Oswald from Kennedy?" "Major depressive disorder." 

Thomas Matthew Crooks, the individual who attempted to assassinate former president Donald Trump earlier this summer, made these online searches just before he shot at the former president. He also searched for images of prior mass shooters, the location of the Trump rally where he eventually shot Donald Trump, and the location of a local gun store where he purchased bullets the day of the attempted assassination. Google search has existed for over 20 years, yet it does not recognize dangerous thought processes and respond to the user appropriately.

Continue reading at statnews.com

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Max Lamparth
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Key Takeaways

  • The rapid advancement and proliferation of AI systems, including foundation models, has catalyzed the widespread adoption of AI benchmarks—yet only very limited research to date has evaluated the quality of AI benchmarks in a structured manner.
  • We reviewed benchmarking literature and interviewed expert stakeholders to define what makes a high-quality benchmark, and developed a novel assessment framework for evaluating AI benchmarks based on 46 criteria across five benchmark life-cycle phases.
  • In scoring 24 AI benchmarks, we found large quality differences between them, including those widely relied on by developers and policymakers. Most benchmarks are highest quality at the design stage and lowest quality at the implementation stage.
  • Policymakers should encourage developers, companies, civil society groups, and government organizations to articulate benchmark quality when conducting or relying on AI model evaluations and consult best practices for minimum quality assurance. 

Read the full brief here

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This brief presents a novel assessment framework for evaluating the quality of AI benchmarks and scores 24 benchmarks against the framework.

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Max Lamparth
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There is an increasing interest in using language models (LMs) for automated decision-making, with multiple countries actively testing LMs to aid in military crisis decision-making. To scrutinize relying on LM decision-making in high-stakes settings, we examine the inconsistency of responses in a crisis simulation ("wargame"), similar to reported tests conducted by the US military. Prior work illustrated escalatory tendencies and varying levels of aggression among LMs but were constrained to simulations with pre-defined actions. This was due to the challenges associated with quantitatively measuring semantic differences and evaluating natural language decision-making without relying on pre-defined actions. In this work, we query LMs for free form responses and use a metric based on BERTScore to measure response inconsistency quantitatively. Leveraging the benefits of BERTScore, we show that the inconsistency metric is robust to linguistic variations that preserve semantic meaning in a question-answering setting across text lengths. We show that all five tested LMs exhibit levels of inconsistency that indicate semantic differences, even when adjusting the wargame setting, anonymizing involved conflict countries, or adjusting the sampling temperature parameter T. Further qualitative evaluation shows that models recommend courses of action that share few to no similarities. We also study the impact of different prompt sensitivity variations on inconsistency at temperature T=0. We find that inconsistency due to semantically equivalent prompt variations can exceed response inconsistency from temperature sampling for most studied models across different levels of ablations. Given the high-stakes nature of military deployment, we recommend further consideration be taken before using LMs to inform military decisions or other cases of high-stakes decision-making.

Find the full paper here.

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Flyer for the conference "Taiwan Forward." Image: aerial view of Taipei.

We have reached capacity for this event and registration has closed.


Organized by the Taiwan Program at Stanford University’s Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC)
Co-sponsored by National Taiwan University's Office of International Affairs

As Taiwan looks to develop comprehensive strategies to promote national interests, it faces challenges shared by other advanced economies. How can Taiwan leverage AI innovation and its semiconductor prowess to drive resilience and continued growth while promoting entrepreneurship and forging advantages in emerging industries? What regulatory and policy measures are needed to scale Taiwan’s role as a global leader in biomedical and healthcare advancements while ensuring patient trust and safety? How can it address the gaps posed by rapid family changes and population aging? And how do its historical and linguistic legacies shape present narratives and identities, within Taiwan and among the Taiwanese diaspora?

Join us for a conference that explores these questions and more, featuring panel discussions with scholars from Stanford University, National Taiwan University, and other universities in Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and Singapore, alongside Taiwanese industry leaders. We will examine Taiwan’s strategies for navigating modernization in a shifting global landscape — bridging technology, industry, culture, and society through interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives.

 

8:45 - 9:10 a.m.
Opening Session

Welcome Remarks

Shih-Torng Ding
Executive Vice President, National Taiwan University

Gi-Wook Shin
Director, Shorenstein APARC and the Taiwan Program, Stanford University

Congratulatory Remarks

Chia-Lung Lin
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Taiwan

Raymond Greene
Director, American Institute in Taiwan 


9:10-10:40 a.m.
Panel 1 — Advancing Health and Healthcare: Technology and Policy Perspectives     
    
Panelists 

Kuan-Ming Chen
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, National Taiwan University

Lynia Huang
Founder and CEO, Bamboo Technology Ltd.

Ming-Jen Lin
Distinguished Professor, Department of Economics, National Taiwan University

Siyan Yi
Associate Professor, School of Public Health, National University of Singapore

Moderator
Karen Eggleston
Director, Asia Health Policy Program, Shorenstein APARC, Stanford University


10:40-10:50 a.m.
Coffee and Tea Break


10:50 a.m.-12:30 p.m.
Panel 2 — Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Technology Leadership

Panelists 

Steve Chen
Co-founder, YouTube and Taiwan Gold Card Holder #1

Matthew Liu
Co-founder, Origin Protocol

Huey-Jen Jenny Su
Professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Former President, National Cheng Kung University

Yaoting Wang
Founding Partner, Darwin Ventures, Taiwan

Moderator
H.-S. Philip Wong
Willard R. and Inez Kerr Bell Professor in the School of Engineering, Stanford University


12:30-1 p.m.

Perspectives from Stanford and NTU Students

Tiffany Chang
BS Student in Engineering Management & Human-Centered Design, Stanford University

Liang-Yu Ko
MA Student in Sociology, National Taiwan University


1-2 p.m. 
Lunch Break


2-3:30 p.m.  
Panel 3 — Interwoven Identities: Exploring Chinese Languages, Taiwanese-american Narratives, and Japanese Colonial Legacies in Taiwan

Panelists 

Carissa Cheng
BA Student in International Relations, Stanford University

Yi-Ting Chung
PhD Candidate in History, Stanford University

Jeffrey Weng
Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University

Moderator
Ruo-Fan Liu
Taiwan Program Postdoctoral Fellow, Shorenstein APARC, Stanford University


3:30-3:45 p.m. 
Coffee and Tea Break


3:45-5:15 p.m.    
Panel 4 —  The Demographic Transformation: Lessons from Taiwan and Comparative Cases

Panelists

Yen-Hsin Alice Cheng
Professor, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica

Youngtae Cho
Professor of Demography and Director, Population Policy Research Center, Seoul National University

Setsuya Fukuda
Senior Researcher, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Japan

Moderator
Paul Y. Chang
Tong Yang, Korea Foundation, and Korea Stanford Alumni Association Senior Fellow, Shorenstein APARC, Stanford University


5:15-5:30 p.m.    
Closing Remarks

Gi-Wook Shin
Director, Shorenstein APARC and the Taiwan Program, Stanford University

THIS CONFERENCE IS HELD IN TAIPEI, TAIWAN, ON SUNDAY, MARCH 23, 2025, FROM 8:45 AM TO 5:30 PM, TAIPEI TIME

International Conference Hall, Tsai Lecture Hall
College of Law
National Taiwan University

No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road
Taipei City, 10617
Taiwan

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