In this session of the Shorenstein APARC Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellows Research Presentations, the following will be presented:

Tsuyoshi Koshikawa, Ministry of Finance, Japan, "Consideration of the Best Practice of Financial Administration – Through a Comparison Between the United States and Japan"

Japan has experienced two big financial crises.  One was the so-called “Non-performing Loan Problem” approximately from 1997 to 2003.  The other was the Global Financial Crisis, especially represented by Lehman Brothers Securities bankruptcy in September 2008 and originally caused by the so-called Subprime Loan Problem that occurred in the United States in the latter part of 2006.  Especially concerning the latter crisis, there have been active discussions among scholars and international organizations and each financial regulator carried out rule-making and policy-making in order to prevent the next crisis.  As a result, for example in the United States, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was established in July 2010.  But even now these discussions have been continuing in G20, Financial Stability Board, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and so on.  What is the best practice in order to realize trustworthy protection of users and improvement of convenience, which is the biggest issue along with ensuring stability of the financial system?  In his presentation, Koshikawa will introduce recent discussions through a comparison between the United States and Japan and argue implications in the best practice of financial administration.

Changbao Zhang, PetroChina, "Reformation & Improvement of International Human Resource Management of Chinese State-Owned Petroleum Enterprises"

China has the most quantity of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and state-owned property in the world.  Almost every field and industry of the national economy is involved with SOEs.  The implementation of China’s open policy and “going out” strategy are gradually pushing Chinese SOEs into the competition of the global market.  Compared to western companies, the gap in technology is not as big as management, especially in human resources management (HRM) which is influenced by politics, economy, society, history and traditional culture.  Zhang has analyzed and compared the history, current situation and future direction of HRM of Chinese SOEs and that of western companies.  Based on his findings, Zhang proposes suggested solutions focusing on the enterprise micro-level HRM with the case of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC).

In this session of the Shorenstein APARC Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellows Research Presentations, the following will be presented:

Liang Fang, China Sunrain Solar Energy Company, "Comparison of Mobile Internet Innovation between U.S. and China's Internet Companies"

The rapid penetration of smartphones in China has stimulated the innovation in mobile internet and therefore resulted in many new business models.  Today, China is highly developed in some areas like e-commerce, mobile commerce, social media and O2O (offline to online sales) based on the characteristic of China’s online world.  Other factors that are stimulating China’s speed of innovation in mobile internet are 1) economics of scale based on high numbers of users, 2)  a large supply of software engineers and ambitious entrepreneurs, and 3) the government’s encouragement for national innovation.  Fang has applied case-study methods to analyze several of China’s most innovative internet companies and compare them with players in the U.S.  Fang also tracked a few representatives Chinese internet companies which have moved beyond China to enter the U.S. market.  According to his findings, Fang tried to answer the question of “How differently are current Chinese internet companies from their peers in the U.S. in aspects of innovation?” and “How far will Chinese internet companies go beyond the China market with their own innovation?”

Wataru Fukuda, Shizuoka Prefectural Government, "Promotional Strategies and Tactics in the Tourism Market, Focusing on Practices in the U.S."

In 2014, nearly 900,000 Americans visited Japan.  However, only 2-3% of those travelers visited the Shizuoka area, which is located between Tokyo and Kyoto – two of the most favorites areas to visit in Japan.  Shizuoka has the largest number of Japanese Inns (Ryokan), and the fourth largest market share of Japanese travelers.  With the tourism resources and an ideal location, which is frequently accessed from Tokyo and Kyoto, Shizuoka has a huge potential to expand the market share.  In his research, the statistical framework first identified the demographics profile and the characteristics of American travelers to Japan.  Within the luxury market, there is a growing number of affluent millenials who are looking for authentic experiences in their travels.  Fukuda has researched the possibilities of developing an inbound tourism market in Japan, specifically in Shizuoka, learning from practices in the United States.  His research identifies the affluent millenials as specific potential customers for the next decade and investigates the possibilities of the tourism resources in Shizuoka to satisfy their wants and needs.

Ryuichiro Takeshita, The Asahi Shimbun, "Should Human Beings or Computer Algorithms Be the Editors of News? - A Case Study of SmartNews (a Tokyo-based media start-up)"

SmartNews is a Japanese news aggregation app which expanded its service to the United States in 2014. The app is beautifully designed and readers can enjoy a mix of news stories from different publishers such as CNN, NBC News, Wired, Etc.  Instead of human editors deciding which news to put on page one, SmartNews uses computer algorithms to collect and distribute news.  The computer program cannot only analyze social media, but is able to track down how and when people read news.  Therefore, instead of relying on human intuition and experience, it can calculate which article will be most “important” to the mass audience.  Is this a kind of artificial intelligence and a defeat of human knowledge?  Is it using technology to generate collective intelligence?  Takeshita will illustrate the race against machines in the media industry and try to figure out how human beings could build an ideal relationship with machines.

ABSTRACT

Image

Tamil Nadu is among the few states in India that provides basic public services such as schools, water, electricity, primary healthcare and transport almost universally.  These services function remarkably well, making a significant difference to the lives of people. In many cases, the state has achieved better outcomes than other states of India, but with comparable budgets. 

In this talk, Vivek will argue that the effectiveness of Tamil Nadu's administration can be linked to underlying processes akin to 'human centred design' that has been popularized by the Design school at Stanford, among others. This form of design thinking is slowly but surely making its way to other parts of India leading to a small revolution in governance in India today.

The talk will be based on his recently published book, Delivering Public Services Effectively: Tamil Nadu & Beyond.

SPEAKER BIO

Image

In working with these campaigns, he realized the widespread disparities in the provision of basic public services in India. This led him to examine how Tamil Nadu, a southern Indian state, developed extensive commitment to providing such services to all its residents in his doctoral dissertation.  Oxford University Press published Srinivasan’s book based on the dissertation entitled, "Delivering services effectively: Tamil Nadu and Beyond" in 2014.

As a full-time activist, he also experimented with various IT platforms to make the campaigns effective. This interest brought him to the Liberation Technology Program at Stanford where Srinivasan is currently leading a research project entitled "Combating corruption with mobile phones".

Abstract: Any given computer or network runs code from an enormous number of sources, including the producer of the operating system, the hardware, built-in and user-installed applications, websites, and the user herself.  Computers may also run code injected by remote attackers of various sorts including autonomous viruses, individual hackers and state-backed organizations.  What happens when the authors of these various software components have different objectives for the behavior of that single computer or network?

This talk will propose a simple theory that predicts which of these contestants will tend to win in different kinds of computer security contests, including the robustness of encrypted communications; the control of cloud-based and distributed computing systems; and some hypothetical future applications to the security of AI systems.

About the Speaker: Peter Eckersley is Technology Projects Director at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. He leads a team of technologists who do both coding and policy work to strengthen Internet security, privacy, and innovation.

His work at EFF has included several projects to improve the strength and deployment of cryptography on the Internet, including HTTPS Everywhere, the SSL Observatory, and Sovereign Keys; efforts to educate Internet users about privacy and security threats such as Surveillance Self-Defense International and Panopticlick; rallying computer scientists in opposition to Internet blacklist legislation; and efforts to make networks more neutral, open, and transparent, including the first controlled tests of packet forgery by Comcast and promoting secure forms of open wireless networks.

Peter holds a PhD in computer science and law from the University of Melbourne. His doctoral research was on digital copyright and the alternatives, including the computer security dimensions of copyright policy.

Abstract: The first Snowden disclosure was that Verizon was providing daily updates of telephony metadata to the NSA. This caused great consternation, and resulted in two government studies, one by the President's NSA Review Committee and one by the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board.  Both concluded the collection should be ended. The President asked Office of the Director of National Intelligence to produce a report "assessing the feasibility of creating software that would allow the intelligence community more easily to conduct targeted information acquisition rather than bulk collection."  This talk reports on that work, which considered the issue from the angle of technical alternatives, and concluded that there is no technical replacement for bulk data collection, but that software can enhance targeted collection and automate control of data usage. This talk will discuss that report, conducted by the National Research Council, explaining what the report says — and what it doesn't say.

About the Speaker: Susan Landau is Professor of Cybersecurity Policy in the Department of Social Science and Policy Studies at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Landau has been a senior staff Privacy Analyst at Google, a Distinguished Engineer at Sun Microsystems, a faculty member at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and at Wesleyan University. She has held visiting positions at Harvard, Cornell, and Yale, and the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute. Landau is the author of Surveillance or Security?  The Risks Posed by New Wiretapping Technologies (MIT Press, 2011), and co-author, with Whitfield Diffie, of Privacy on the Line: The Politics of Wiretapping and Encryption (MIT Press, 1998, rev. ed. 2007). She has written numerous scientific and policy research papers, and has also published in other venues, including Science, Scientific American, and the Washington Post. Landau has testified in Congress on cybersecurity and on electronic surveillance. Landau currently serves on the Computer Science Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council.  A 2012 Guggenheim fellow, Landau was a 2010-2011 fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, the recipient of the 2008 Women of Vision Social Impact Award, and also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Association for Computing Machinery.  She received her BA from Princeton, her MS from Cornell, and her PhD from MIT.